KOREA REMEMBERED

Annotated Index by Major Alec Weaver, Royal Australian Regiment, (Ret)

Korea Remembered, Introduction

Pears and Kirkland; Anthology
Recollections and reminiscences of some of the seventeen thousand Australian military personnel who served in the Korean War.
Digger
CONTENTS

Chapter 1: The Great Adventure - Joe Vezgoff

This experienced Infantryman's contribution to the Book, rightly deserves to be its pipe opener, thanks to his rather delightfully philosophical treatment of his vast experiences both in war and peace.

Chapter 2: Battle of the Apple Orchard - David Butler

The distinguished General has honoured this Book by giving us a most professionally portrayed picture of the initial operation conducted by Australian troops in Korea under extremely complex and dangerous condition. He participated in the action as a junior officer and has not only given us ' the big picture' but also effectively shared his personal observations from the perspective he experienced at the time

Chapter 3: Trials and Tribulation - Pat Knowles

Pat invites the reader to participate in his experiences as a young Digger posted from his unit in the Occupation of Japan to 3RAR where he took part in a number of operations including the battle of Kapyong and Hill 317 (Maryang San) His descriptions of the most intimate aspects concerning individual Officers NCOs and various Diggers, most certainly deserve our attention.

Chapter 4: Patrol to lchon and Kapyong Revisited - Ben O'Dowd

Ben was an outstanding officer, who greatly contributed to the success of 3 RAR's operation at Kapyong. His reminiscences make excellent reading

Chapter 5: Bulldust Baffles Brains - Algy Clark

Algy displays a delightful sense of humour and gives us a brief report how he was able to bring down the vast firepower from all supporting arms in order to thwart a Chinese offensive during the latter part of 1951.

Chapter 6: The Military Team - Frank Hassett

The General commanded 3RAR during a most busy time in Korea which, among other actions saw our troops in fighting the battles for Hills 355 and 317.
General Hassett gives us a most important insight into his evaluation of the Australian Infantryman, his officers, Warrant Officers and NCOs In a brief, but succinctly structured Chapter, we can easily visualise how he appreciates the soul and spirit which prevails throughout the ranks of our battalions.

Chapter 7: Operation Commando - Bill Keyes

Bill Keyes , an experienced WWII officer, has illustrated the events of the major operations of 3 RAR as part of 'Operation Commando' during his service in Korea. He does so with only a few words, but with excellent effect.

Chapter 8: Maryang San - Charlie Company - Jack Gerke

An experienced Company Commander gives his report on one of the most significant operations conducted by 3RAR in Korea He gives well-earned praise to every one of his officers and men, who impressed him with their professionalism and courage. Jack Gerke's contribution deserves careful study by all those interested in how Infantry Operations ought to be conducted and what is entailed in the concept of 'man management'. It is also recommended to read General Hassett's Review of Jack Gerke's submission, in which the General took it upon himself to give Jack Gerke the accolades he so rightfully deserved!

Chapter 9: Quick Thinking - Dennis Robinson

Dennis, a former British Army soldier, took part in the Battle of Maryang San (Hill 317). He briefly, but most graphically gives us an insight into the frantic actions a soldier must experience when face to face with a determined enemy. Should such phenomena not be understood, we most certainly cannot comprehend what can occur in the 'fog of war.'

Chapter 10: Recollections of War - Maurie Pears

The co-author of this Book gives us a most interesting and detailed insight into almost every aspect concerning the Australian involvement in the Korean War. His reflections on his personal experiences and observations deserve to be studied in some detail.

Chapter 10A: Front-line Korea - Mark Young

As a WWII veteran, Mark took part in 'Operation Commando' as a Platoon Sergeant. He has given us a brief, but effective narration of his various experiences. He particularly highlights his impression concerning the high standard of team work permeating the Australian battalions as seen in contrast to his experiences during WWII.

Chapter 10B: Frozen Chosen - Slim Cotton

Slim was a Platoon Sergeant in C Company of 3RAR. He was known for his keen sense of humour and recalls his service under Major Jack Gerke during the height of the battalion's military operations. His brief contribution deserves to be viewed with interest.

Chapter 10C: Casualty Evacuation - Looking Back - Digger James

James was himself a serious casualty as a platoon commander in Korea and later graduated as a medical practitioner serving as a commander of a Field Hospital in Vietnam and later rising to the Rank of General

Chapter 10D: Duty First - Arthur Stanley

This seasoned Infantryman of WWII and Company Sergeant Major in 3RAR during the battles for Hill 355 and 317 the introduces the reader into what actually happens during a well-planned and executed military operation . He displays the art of capturing the human side of an infantry operation as it manifests itself under the most dire situations.

Chapter 10E: Wilco Out - Jim McFadzean

As a signalman for his Company Commander during 3RAR's operations against Hill 355 and Hill 317, Jim has successfully allowed us to be able to appreciate the importance of his tasks under fire particularly when involved in attacks of that demanding nature He was Mentioned -in- Dispatches for his sterling efforts

Chapter 10F: Niner Niner - Bushy Pembroke

Pembroke, as a young platoon commander, earned his Military Cross with great distinction during the attack against Hill 317 also named Pyramid and Maryang San. He has given us a most worthwhile narration of those important events in the history of the Australian campaign in Korea.

Chapter 10G: 'The Hinge'- Ted Bosworth, Jack Park, Curly Lamb.

The 'triumvirate' of Diggers treats us to a detailed and lively insight into their experiences during a most volatile period of operations in Korea. They have, individually, told us of their various experiences under fire and in close combat. A most valuable contribution to this Book!

Chapter 11: Off to War - Jim Pashen

The outstanding features of Jim's contribution are to be found in his reporting of the many and various characteristics and behaviour of his fellow diggers under arduous and risky combat conditions.

Chapter 12: Operation Fauna - December 1952 - Gus Breen

Gus Breen treats us to a graphically presented insight into one of the most significant operations conducted by Australian troops in the Korean War.

Chapter 13: The FOO Recalls Operation Fauna - John Salmon

As young Artillery Officer, Salmon saw his baptism of fire as a Forward Observation Officer in close combat during this operation. He rose to the rank of Brigadier after a long and illustrious career.

Chapter 14: Life in the Trenches, Korea 1952 and 1953 - Alan Limburg

The text of Alan's story says it all!

Chapter 15: Minefields and Other Escapades - John Hutcheson

An Engineer Officer seconded to 3RAR tells of his experiences as a Pioneer Platoon Commander on operational service in Korea where his battalion relied heavily on the protection of an effective mine field

Chapter 16: My Korean Adventure Snow Dicker

'Snow' was already a battle hardened soldier of WWII when he arrived in Korea , where he was involved in the initial operations against the Korean Army well North of the 38th Parallel. He vividly describes his experiences as a Vickers Machine Gunner which sadly ended in his becoming a rather serious casualty when his gun crew had been put out of action from enemy mortar bombs.

Chapter 16a: Man on the Skyline - Peter 'Doc, Wesley

'Doc' has given us a most amusing anecdote stemming from his life in the front line in Korea However his rather light hearted approach to his subject, cleverly conceals the reality of the life with which soldiers are faced in the trenches and on patrols into no-man's land. He is true to the Australian soldiers' reputation of maintaining a rare sense of humour in adversity.

Chapter 17: A Lust for Travel - Keith Mildner Keith

describes his service with the Australian Army in a most delightful way and takes us into his life with 3 RAR in the front line sharing his experiences as one under heavy artillery and mortar fire in the line where he also came into contact with some of the better-known identities of the battalion

Chapter 18: Last Days on'The Hook'- 1953 - Ron Walker

Walker describes the final battle and desperate efforts by the Chinese to gain ground before the Armistice came into effect

Chapter 19: Recollections of Korea, July 1953 - Brian Cooper

Brian's contribution to this book is one not to be overlooked. The Military Medal winner allows us to share his various 'adventures' of an Infantry NCO in Korea and later as a Warrant Officer Class I.

Chapter 20: To be a Soldier - Snowy

'Snowy' has insisted to be able to maintain his anonymity for reasons of his own. He treats the reader to a most lively and interesting segment abundant in rather a lighthearted portrayal of his multitude of impressions gained on active service as an infantryman. He was seriously wounded in action and hospitalised for a lengthy period. His somewhat philosophical remarks will doubtless delight the reader.

Chapter 21: The Mosquitoes of Korea - Gus Breen

Gus Breen (see also Chapter 12 ) was seconded to the US Air Force after , (among other achievements )such as commanding an infantry platoon during a major operation. Gus was involved in rather hazardous operations over enemy lines whilst pin-pointing sites of tactical significance His exploits as an observer make most interesting reading.
For his courage and skills he was decorated with the Distinguished Flying Cross (USA) and the Air Medal(USA)

Chapter 22: The Static War - Ron Hughes

General Hughes commanded 3RAR when the battalion was tasked with the defence of a vitally important sector as part of the 150-mile line held by the Allied forces in Korea.
He gives the reader an accurately described insight into the manifold duties of patrolling in order to dominate no-man's-land as well as the need to cope with the constant maintenance of an effective and secure defensive system all of which required an enormous strain on manpower resources .. not to speak of the bitterly cold winters.

Chapter 23: I was a Prisoner in North Korea - Eric Donnelly

Eric was taken POW by the Chinese whilst his patrol was engaged in an intensely fought close-quarter contact during which he was seriously wounded in his leg. His vivid description of his fate from the moment of his being taken prisoner and throughout his horrendous ordeal until his release, is most captivating and readable.

Chapter 24: Australian Prisoners of War in Korea - Phil Greville

Like John Hutcheson( Chapter 15) Phil Greville , a Royal Australian Engineer officer, was seconded to 1RAR for the Korean campaign. His narrative concerning his experiences as a POW of the Chinese serves as an important insight into an aspect of war seldom discussed. He has illustrated in a succinct manner, how the Chinese resorted to psychological and physical torture in order to dominate the mind of non-cooperative and recalcitrant prisoners.
His article is also worthwhile accessing, as it contains reference to another Australian 3RAR Army officer as well as to an RAAF. officer both having been captured as POWs.

Chapter 25: Chongin ... North Korea - Tom Hamilton

Tom has submitted a short , but most interesting account of his experiences as a sailor with the RAN on active service off the Korean coast in support of minesweeping duties and other related operations.

Chapter 26: The ANZAC Tradition and Korea - A Sailor, ex-HMAS ANZAC

This anonymous sailor has given us a vivid picture of operations off the Korean West Coast. He successfully reminds the reader of the vulnerability of ships in hostile waters. He effectively impresses us with his personal pride in having been a part of perpetuating the Anzac tradition.

Chapter 27: HMAS CONDAMINE - Vince Fazio

Vince Fazio was a ships carpenter (Chippy) whist serving on the Condamine during operations in Korean Waters. His narrative of the various operations involving his ship, is a stark reminder to the readers of this fine Book, that much, much more occurred off shore during the conflict than ever imagined by those involved in operations on land.
"The Silent Service" May the Lord bless them!

Chapter 28: HMAS SYDNEY Alan Zammit

Alan Zammit portrays the many operational involvements of his ship on patrol duty in Korean waters in a most refreshing style. He leaves the reader in no doubt as to the many hazards experienced by those at sea during a war - not to speak of the unforgiving moods of Mother Nature.

Chapter 29: Mustangs and Meteors - Ray Trebilco

Air Vice-Marshal Ray Trebilco came through the ranks and distinguished himself as a young officer in aerial combat during the Korean conflict. He presents a most vivid account of action as a fighter pilot in close contact with a determined enemy.His contribution to this Book is a 'gem' deserving particular attention Unfortunately Ray passed away last year, after the publication of this Book ,at a relatively young age.

Chapter 30: RAAF Transport - Leon Murtagh

Leon has aptly succeeded in describing the various problems and achievements of those entrusted with giving support to those engaged in the actual combat. He has done this by giving us a rare insight into the vital role that is being played behind the scenes of actual combat operations. not that he himself was always far from the 'sho'!

Chapter 31: In the Air - Dinny O'Brien

As a fitter, Dinny was entrusted with the refueling, rearming and repair of aircraft. He gives the reader a most worthwhile explanation of what actually occurs in the area of support under difficult conditions.

Chapter 32: Memories of Korea - Kenneth'Black'Murray

Kenneth 'Black' Murray, was already an experienced fighter pilot of WWII, when introduced to the Korean War where he distinguished himself by having flown a record number of missions against Russian as well as Chinese pilots, He has given us most worthwhile statistical and personally experienced information relating the Australian Air War in Korea.

Chapter 32a: Wings 77 - Pat Melican

Pat was yet another most dedicated young ground staff Airman in support of the Australian Fighter Squadron. His contribution to this Book is most welcome as it covers s aspects not generally focused upon in publications covering a war.

Chapter 32b: Korea Recalled - Ted Moore

Ted Moore tells us, that as a projectionist and organiser of concert parties, he never saw an angry enemy face. Nevertheless his story is most certainly worthwhile for inclusion in this Book, as we are tacitly reminded of the importance of morale in war.

Chapter 33: Lamp Ladies - Dita McCarthy

Brigadier Dita McCarthy was and continues to be a well-known and popular member of the Army Nursing Service having brought to the Korean theatre her extensive experiences ranging from WWII in Papua New Guinea to Japan, and Malaya. (After her Korean tour she also served in the Vietnam conflict) Her contribution to this Book is a most valuable one when seen in the light of her compassion toward the wounded and deep understanding and appreciation of what is required of her under all circumstances, ranging from succoring the wounded to counseling returned POW. Her brief but action-packed narrative deserves the readers close attention.

Chapter 34: MEDAIR - Gay Halstead

Gay Halstead was a well known and admired officer of the Australian Airforce who dedicated her life in the service to the wounded and maimed ,often under extremely uncomfortable and dangerous situations. She always put the safety and well-being of those under her care before those of her own needs An experienced professional lady, she has painted a most gripping picture portraying her many experiences and observations in the Korean War. She brings her contribution to this Book to life, by mentioning a large number of those who were fortunate to have been associated with her directly or indirectly and by her generous remarks concerning her peers as well as those under her control. There is an enormous lot in Gay's account which should be studied in some detail lest we tend to lose important themes which can only be found in war.

Chapter 35: Blue Capes - Patricia Oliver

A most dedicated Airforce Nursing Sister, Patricia Oliver, spent two years and 684 flying hours during the Korean War involving her in tending the wounded under trying conditions. which she describes in a most professional manner with vivid explanations of the various types of casualties she had to tend

Chapter 36: What's Up,Doc? - Nathalie Wittman

Nathalie Wittman (nee Sister Oldham) gave valuable service in tending the wounded being conveyed by air from the battle area to hospitals in Japan during the Korean War. Her high qualifications in a number of specialties proved to be of great value, standing her in good stead for the demanding duties. Her anecdotes make most interesting reading and give a lively picture of what occurred in those hectic days.

Chapter 37: Korea Remembered - compiled by Maurie Pears

Maurie Pears, the co-author of Korea Remembered , has compiled a most important and interesting collection for this fine Book. His pages abound in most relevant details explaining the various stages of the conflict as it affected the Australian involvement in the Korean War. He lists and explains the various battles and operations fought by the Australian troops and makes excellent use of information given by a number of officers and other ranks who supplied brief, but most meaningful articles relevant to the various aspects of the campaign. His contribution calls for serious attention by all those wanting to enrich their knowledge of the war or, where applicable, for those wanting to reminisce.



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