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Page 417

Index

Abe, General Nobuyuki: 18
Acheson, Dean G. See also State, Department of.
  air-naval commitment proposed by: 73
  and air operations: 242, 247, 249-50, 286
  and armistice proposals: 278, 390-91
  Attlee, conference with: 291-92
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 249-50, 255, 268
  and Chinese intervention: 286
  and Communists, negotiating with: 268
  and continental China, operations against: 329-30
  and financial aid to Korea: 30
  on intelligence failure: 62
  and Korea as strategic area: 51-52, 68
  and limited offensives: 402
  on MacArthur relief: 365n, 374-75
  and materiel supply to ROKA: 68-69
  and Nationalist China, use of troops: 116
  and North Korea, operations in: 255, 275
  on objectives in Korea: 352
  and political settlement proposals: 359
  and Soviet intervention: 286, 352
  on 38th Parallel, advance across: 351-52
  and U.N. troops, requisitions for: 227-28, 238, 356
  and unification as objective: 350
  and U.S. troops, deployment and withdrawal: 79n
Active Reserves. See Army Reserve; Reserve components.
Advance Command and Liaison Group (ADCOM)
  departure from ROK: 86
  mission: 71-72
  USAFIK, proposed merger with: 86
  as USAFIK staff: 81-82
Adviser groups. See Military Advisory Group to ROK (KMAG); Military
  missions; Provisional Military Advisory Group to ROK (PMAG).
Advisers, Truman reliance on: 177-79
Aggression, U.S. attitude toward: 292
Air Force, Department of the See United States Air Force; Vandenberg,
  General Hoyt S.
Air Force, Thirteenth: 49. See also Turner, Maj. Gen. Howard M. (USAF). 
Air operations: 69-70, 73-74, 77, 80.
  See also Strategic air operations;
  Tactical air operations, control of: 109-11
  FEAF, control by: 108-09
  proposed: 242, 247, 249-50, 286
Air operations, enemy: 76-77
Airborne Divisions 11th: 44, 93-94, 108, 168-71, 230, 294
  82d: 44, 90, 93, 118, 132, 153, 169-71, 230, 294
Airborne operations
  at Inch'on, plans for: 152
  plans for: 169-70, 215-16
  World War II experience: 168
Airborne Regimental Combat Team, 187th: 93-94, 108, 119, 142, 169-71,
  196, 215-16
Airborne units
  requisitions for: 168-71
  training program: 169-70
Aircraft
  B-29 bombers: 109-10, 241-44
  C-47 cargo (transport): 341
  C-119 cargo (transport): 168, 170
  losses: 247
  ROKA strength: 40
  shortage of: 109
  transports, shortage of: 88
Aircraft, enemy
  IL fighters: 39
  losses: 247
  MIG fighters: 247
  strength: 39
  YAK fighters: 39, 74
Airfields
  construction and repair: 261, 341
  defense of: 300
  enemy demolition of: 195
Airlift operations
  ammunition supply by: 229
  control of: 108-09
  plans for: 157
  to Pusan: 80-81
  of supplies: 195, 235, 257-58, 301, 341-42
  of troops: 87-88, 127-29, 215-16
ALABAMA line: 379-80
Alaskan Command: 43, 45
Allen, Maj. Gen. Leven C.: 202, 205, 235, 306-07
Almond Lt. Gen. Edward M. See also Corps, X.
  and air operations, control of: 109-10
  and airborne units, deployment of: 169
  as chief of staff, GHQ, FEC: 49
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 264-65
  and Chinese intervention: 236, 259
  Church, directive to: 80-81
  Collins, conference with: 283
  and corps organization: 159
  and credit for X Corps, oversight in: 186
  dual role of: 158
  estimates of situation by: 111-12
  and GHQ Reserve, headquarters for: 155-58
  at Hungnam: 301

Page 418

418

Almond, Lt. Gen. Edward M.-Continued
  at Inch'on: 141, 148-49, 158-59, 172, 190, 196
  MacArthur, conference with: 188-89
  and Marine Corps units, employment of: 160, 164-65
  and materiel losses and destruction: 301-04
  North Korea, operations in: 233, 236, 245, 257, 259-66, 271-73, 274,
    278-84
  and power plants, preservation of: 264-65
  at Pusan: 125, 301
  replacements, requisitions for: 129
  and Seoul, recovery of: 184-85
  supply system and operations: 259, 297
  at Tokyo conference: 278-82
  training program: 159
  troop units needed, estimates of: 107-08
  U.N.-ROK ground troops, control of: 215-18
  Walker, conference with: 125
  in withdrawal operations: 301-06
  at Wonsan: 188-90, 195-96, 202, 205-10, 212, 216-19, 232
Ambush operations, enemy: 235
American Mission in Korea (AMIK): 34
Ammunition
  deficiencies and shortages in: 84, 202
  estimate of requirements: 45-47
  requisitions for: 229-30
  supply of: 46, 59, 229-30, 236, 257
  supply by airlift: 229
  supply to ROKA: 35, 66
Amnesty proclamation, plans for: 180
Amphibious Group One, USN: 147, 172
Amphibious operations, enemy: 61, 65
Amphibious operations and training: 55, 57, 85-86, 134-35, 137-40, 141n,
  156, 160-63, 168, 177, 187-91, 195-96, 205-10, 336, 397
Amphibious Tank and Tractor Battalion, 56th: 171-72
Antiaircraft artillery, stocks on hand: 46
Antiaircraft artillery battalions: 94
Antiaircraft Artillery Group, 9th: 54
Antiaircraft artillery units, requisitions for: 93, 166
Antiaircraft defense, enemy: 246-47
Antitank defense
  deficiencies in: 84
  NKA strength: 39
An-tung: 179, 200, 230, 241-42, 245-46
Argentina: 356
Armed Forces Organization Act, ROK: 34
Armistice proposals: 183, 197, 28344, 287-93, 331-33, 358-59, 384-85,
  390-92, 396, 399-405. See also Political settlement proposals.
Armor units. See Tank units.
Armored Cavalry Regiment, 3d: 44-45, 118
Armored Divisions
  2d: 44, 90-92. 230, 294
  50th: 124
Armored Field Artillery Battalion, 6th: 91
Armored fighting vehicles. See Tanks.
Army, Department of the. See also Pace, Frank, Jr.: United States Army;
    War Department.
  coordination of plans with: 152-53
  MacArthur, directives to: 102
Army area organization: 42n
Army Field Forces: 42. See also Clark, General Mark W.
Army Policy Council: 123, 131, 221-22, 234
Army Reserve. See also Reserve components.
  Army expansion, role in: 120-22
  call-up of: 88, 120-21, 122
  troop units, strength: 121
Arnold, Maj. Gen. Archibald V.: 17
Artillery. See Antiaircraft artillery; Field artillery.
Artillery fire support: 81, 84, 96-97, 109, 303, 338
Artillery losses: 111. See also Materiel, losses and destruction.
Ascom City: 206-07
Asiatic troops, proposal for commitment: 193-94
Atomic bomb, potential use: 283-84, 288, 289-90, 320n
Attlee, Clement R. See also United Kingdom.
  Acheson, conference with: 291-92
  and armistice proposals: 292-93
  and atomic bomb, potential use: 289-90
  and Communist China, concessions to: 292-93
  and Communist China, U.N. seating: 292-93
  expansion of conflict, concern over: 289-90, 292, 321
  Marshall, conference with: 291-92
  Truman, conference with: 288-93
Attrition tactics: 333-34, 361-64, 382, 396, 397
AUDACIOUS: 364
Austin, Warren R.: 73, 333, 369-71
Australia
  and Chinese intervention: 266
  military assistance from: 115
  troop units, deployment of: 225, 227, 356-57

Baillie, Hugh: 284
Baird, Col. John E.: 36
Bank of Chosen: 5
Barr, Maj. Gen. David G.: 265
Beach conditions, effect on operations: 140-41, 146-47
Beiderlinden, Maj. Gen. William A.: 88, 128-30, 238
Beightler, Maj. Gen. Robert S.: 49
Belgium and Belgian troops: 225, 227
Benninghoff, H. Merrell: 17-18
Bevin, Ernest: 200n, 251n, t60-61. See also United Kingdom.
BLUEHEARTS: 139-40, 168
Bolling, Maj. Gen. Alexander R.: 63-64
Bolte, Maj. Gen. Charles L: 132, 152, 257
  and airborne units, deployment of: 169
  and Army expansion planning: 118
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 266-68

Page 419

Bolte, Maj. Gen. Charles L.-Continued
  and Chinese intervention: 298
  and emergency declaration: 298
  and Far East, security of: 75-76
  and General Reserve, levies on: 91, 93
  MacArthur, conferences with: 223-25, 237
  and Marine Corps units, employment of: 161-62
  and National Guard, levies on: 123-25
  and North Korea, operations in: 181-82
  and replacements, requisitions for: 22-24, 228-29, 237, 271, 294, 298
  ROKA equipment, view on: 35
  and Soviet intervention: 75-76, 298
  and supply system and operations: 258
  and U.N. troops, employment of: 224-27
  Walker, conference with: 237
  and withdrawal operations: 298
Bombardment, aerial. See Air operations; Strategic air operations;
  Tactical air operations.
Bonesteel, Col. Charles H.: 9-10
Bradley, General of the Army Omar N.: 285, 327.
  See also Joint Chiefs of Staff.
  and air-naval commitment: 70
  and Chinese intervention: 234, 254-55, 275, 286
  and EUCOM, deployment of troops to: 223, 286
  and Formosa, security of: 370
  and MacArthur, relief of: 365n, 374-75
  and North Korea, operations in: 255
  and occupation troops, withdrawal of: 50
  and ROKA, expansion and training: 394
  and Soviet intervention: 69
  and strategic air operations: 244, 286
  at Wake Island conference: 211-14
Brazil: 356-57
Brewster, Owen: 365n
Bridges
  demolition of: 195, 241-47, 258, 303-04, 372
  enemy construction and repair: 246
  shortages of equipment: 159n
Bridges, Styles: 365n
British Army troops. See United Kingdom.
  British Commonwealth. See commonwealth by name; United Kingdom.
Brooks, Lt. Gen. Edward H.: 118, 238
Bureau of the Budget: 46
Burke, Rear Adm. Arleigh A.: 312
Burma: 266, 333
Byrnes, James F.: 10

Cain, Harry P.: 365n
Cairo Declaration on Korea: 6, 349
Camouflage operations, enemy: 275
Camp Drake: 88n, 130
Canada: 115, 225, 227, 356-57
Career Guidance Program: 55-56
Caribbean Command: 43, 45
Casualties
  civilian: 405
  Communist China: 389-91, 405
  Communist-inflicted: 37-38
  Eighth Army: 127-28, 297
  FEC estimates: 88
  guerrillas, enemy: 38
  at Inch'on: 173, 247
  North Korean Army: 405
  as percentage of strength: 87n
  Republic of Korea Army: 235, 405
  United Nations Command: 238, 405
  US. Army: 127-28, 297, 405
  X Corps: 297
Cates, General Clifton P. (USMC): 261
Cavalry Division, 1st: 54
  amphibious operations, plans for: 85-86, 139
  combat effectiveness: 80n
  deployment to combat: 86, 112-13, 140-41
  Koreans attached to: 168
  North Korea, operations in: 235
  at P'yongyang: 204-05
Cavalry Regiments. See also Armored Cavalry Regiment, 3d.
    7th: 55, 177
    8th: 235, 257
Cease-fire. See Armistice proposals; Political settlement proposals.
Cease-fire line. See Demilitarized zone (DMZ).
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): 65, 199
Chae Byong Duk, General (ROKA): 72, 74
Chang, John M.: 313
Changjin Reservoir area: 216n, 236, 252-53, 259-66, 279-80, 297, 301
Chech'on: 340
Cheju do: 38, 313, 324-25
Chemical units, requisition for: 98
Chiang Kai-shek: 368. See also China, Nationalist.
  and Formosa, security of: 368-69
  MacArthur, conference with: 368
  Struble, conference with: 368
  troop units, offer of: 116, 283-84, 295
Chief of Naval Operations. See Sherman, Admiral Forrest P.
Chief of Staff, US. Air Force. See Vandenberg, General Hoyt S.
Chief of Staff, US. Army. See Collins, General J. Lawton.
Chief of Transportation: 91
Chiles, John H.: 65n, 266
China, Communist. See also Chou En-lai; Mao Tse-tung.
    4th Field Army: 233
    124th Division: 236, 260-61
    126th Division: 236
    aggressor, named by UN.: 332-33
    air reconnaissance of: 328
    air violations by USAF: 247
    armistice, terms rejected by: 331-32

Page 420

China, Communist-Continued
  assets frozen: 318
  atomic bomb, attitude toward: 289n
  blockade of proposed: 102, 283-84, 289, 291-92, 315, 318, 321, 328-29,
    339, 393
  border, inviolability of: 188-89, 196-202, 212-14, 235-36, 240-41,
    248-56, 264-71, 277, 283-84, 372, 380, 382, 384-85
  casualties: 389-91, 405
  combat effectiveness: 83, 84-85, 105-06, 238, 277, 327, 358, 398
  concessions to, proposed: 292-93
  disclaimer for military actions: 317
  economic sanctions against, proposed: 318, 328
  Formosa, threat to: 197, 366-69
  industry, proposed destruction of: 315
  intervention by: 85, 178-90, 196-202, 212-14, 222, 239-42, 250-57,
    259, 266-67, 271, 274-78, 285-89, 298-99, 308-12, 318, 322, 327-30,
    333, 372
  materiel losses: 390
  military power status: 405-06
  morale: 390
  naval operations against, proposed: 320-21, 329
  North Korea, pledges support to: 197, 233, 240-41
  offensives by: 379-80, 387-90, 398-99, 403
  operations against, proposed: 291, 315-18, 319-25, 328-30, 332, 339,
    351, 369, 373, 380, 384, 386, 392-93, 396
  prisoner of war losses: 233, 236, 390
  propaganda campaigns: 289n
  rations, shortages of: 390
  recognition of, proposed: 292, 332-33
  Soviet Union, relations with: 197, 201, 317, 320
  strategic air operations against, proposed: 283-84, 289, 292, 320
  tank operations by: 236
  territorial violation charged to U.S.: 197
  troop movements, reports on: 179, 198-200, 233-34, 238-41, 259, 263,
    273, 276-77
  troop units, deployment to North Korea: 179, 222n, 233-34
  troop units, strength in Korea: 241, 244-45, 259n, 380, 384-85, 387,
    405
  U N., proposals for admission to: 197, 290-93, 331
  withdrawal operations: 389-90
China, invasion of and influence on Korea: 2-3
China, Nationalist. See also Chiang Kai-shek; Formosa.
  and Cairo Declaration on Korea: 6
  combat effectiveness: 320
  intelligence reports from: 199, 276
  logistical support of: 328-29
  military assistance, offer of: 116
  troop units, employment proposed: 116-17, 295-96, 307, 315-17, 319-21,
    329, 339, 393
  troop units, strength: 320
  trusteeship, agreement on: 13, 26
  weapons, deficiencies in: 320
Chinnamp'o: 140, 141n, 187, 236, 258
Chip'yong-ni: 339-40
Choch'iwon: 82
Ch'ongch'on River: 234-35, 258
Ch'ongjin: 7-8, 266, 269
Ch'ongju: 86, 216
Chongsanjangsi: 216
Ch'ongsongjin: 246
Chonui: 82
Ch'orwon: 206, 364, 389, 401-02
Ch'osan: 234-35, 270
Chosin Reservoir: 263n. See also Changjin Reservoir area.
Chou En-lai: 197-98, 199-201, 234, 251n. See also, China, Communist.
CHOW CHOW: 71
CHROMITE. See Inch'on (CHROMITE).
Chumunjin: 141n
Ch'unch'on: 10, 61, 65, 70-71, 354, 387-89
Ch'ungju: 86, 112, 188-89, 195-96
Chungking, as seat of Korean provisional government: 5
Church, Maj. Gen. John H.: 74
  as adviser to ROKA: 80-81
  Almond, directive from: 80-81
  defensive measures by: 72
  enemy effectiveness, report on: 83
  heads GHQ Advance Command: 71-72
  MacArthur, briefed by: 74
Churchill, Winston S.: 7, 288
Civil affairs. See also Occupation.
  conduct of: 25, 221
  transfer from military: 25
Clark, General Mark W.: 134
  and Army expansion goals: 118
  on combat readiness of 2d Division: 94
  and National Guard, levies on: 124-25
Clarke, Brig. Gen. Carter W.: 137
Climate: 2. See also Weather, effect on operations.
Close air support. See Tactical air operations.
Coast Guard, ROK: 34
Collective security
  arrangements for: 41
  need for expressed: 333
Collins, General J. Lawton
  and AAA units, deployment of: 93
  and airborne units, deployment of: 169-71
  Almond, conference with: 283
  and Army troops to halt invasion: 69
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 268-70
  and Chinese intervention: 234
  and combat effectiveness, enemy: 327
  and combat effectiveness, U.S.: 56-57, 292
  and emergency declaration: 299
  estimates of situation by: 327
  and FEC troop unit strength: 53
  functions and chain of authority: 42

Page 421

Collins, General J. Lawton-Continued
  and General Reserve levies on: 91-93, 183-34, 343 421
  and Inch'on operation: 140-41, 142, 149-51
  as JCS representative in Korea: 101-02
  Joy, conference with: 283-84
  and Kunsan operation: 176-77
  limited offensives, directive on: 401
  MacArthur, conferences with: 78-79, 105-08, 140n, 149-51, 160, 169,
    171, 282-84, 325-29, 368, 373
  on MacArthur relief: 365n, 375-76
  on MacArthur violation of directives: 218n, 339n
  and Marine Corps units, employment of: 160
  on morale: 326
  on morale status, enemy: 327
  and National Guard, levies on: 122-25, 130, 325-26, 345
  and North Korea, operations in: 269-70, 282-85
  on press correspondents, statements to: 326
  and replacements, requisitions for: 91-92, 108, 130-33, 228, 239, 294-
    95, 310-11, 313, 325-26, 343-44
  Ridgway, directives to: 383, 385
  and ROKA, combat effectiveness: 326
  and ROKA, expansion, equipping, and training: 394
  and ROKA, withdrawal of: 313
  and security of troop movements: 133
  and service units, reduction in: 343-44
  and Soviet intervention: 269-70
  Stratemeyer, conference with: 283-84
  and supply system and operations, enemy: 327
  and survey mission, proposal for: 69
  tactical air operations, concept of: 110
  Truman, conference with: 79
  and U.N. troops, deployment of: 224-28
  visits to combat areas: 108, 137, 282-84, 313, 326-27
  Walker, conferences with: 137, 282-83
Command and staff: 48, 208, 243n
Commerce, Department of: 318
Communists
  Acheson on negotiating with: 268
  Japanese occupation, activity during: 5-6
  North Korea, domination by: 24-25
  ROK, activities in: 19-20
  U.S. policy on containing: 67n, 100
Congress
  approval of not sought by Truman, 73
  Army expansion, approval of: 120n
  Army Reserve, recall authorized: 122
  MacArthur, hearings on relief: 365n, 392
Congressional committees: 365
Constabulary. See National police, ROK, plans for.
Construction machinery, stocks on hand: 46
Corps
  staffs, plans for organizing: 134-36, 155, 158-59
  I. See also Coulter, Lt. Gen. John B.; Milburn, Lt. Gen. Frank W.
    activated: 134-35, 155, 202
    deployment to combat: 135-36, 155
    at KANSAS-WYOMING lines: 379-80
    North Korea, operations in: 234-35, 257, 274, 363
    at P'yongyang: 204, 206
    in THUNDERBOLT: 333-34
  V: 134-35
  IX
    activated: 134-35
    deployment to combat: 135-36
    at KANSAS-WYOMING lines: 379-80, 389
    in KILLER: 340
    North Korea, operations in: 363-64
  X. See also Almond, Lt. Gen. Edward M.
    activated: 158-59
    casualties: 297
    as element of Eighth Army: 189-90, 300-301, 307
    Han River, operations around: 336-37, 339-40
    in Inch'on operations: 151-52, 154, 172, 174-77
    at KANSAS-WYOMING lines: 380
    in KILLER: 340
    link-up with Eighth Army: 177, 185
    materiel losses and destruction: 297
    morale status: 186
    North Korea, drive on: 206-10
    North Korea, operations in: 363-64
    in occupation duty: 222
    supply system and operations: 158
    in THUNDERBOLT: 333-34
    troop units and strength: 171-72
    withdrawal from North Korea: 290-91, 300-306
    in Wonsan operations: 187-90
  XI: 274
  XXIV: 13, 16, 25. See also Hodge, Lt. Gen. John R.
Correspondents, war. See Press correspondents.
Coulter, Lt. Gen. John B.: 27, 135, 155
COURAGEOUS: 362-63

Dairen: 10-11, 318
Dams. See Power plants; also by name.
DAUNTLESS: 363
Dean, Maj. Gen. William F.: 108
  ADCOM, proposes merger with USAFIK: 86
  attempts to halt NKA: 82
  captured: 112-13
  on combat effectiveness, enemy: 83-84
  commands 24th Division: 81
  commands USAFIK: 81-82
  on divisions, expansion of: 89

Page 422

Dean, Maj. Gen. William F.-Continued
  MacArthur, commended by: 106
  troop units needed, estimate of: 104
Defense, Department of. See also Johnson, Louis A.; Marshall, General of
    the Army George C.
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 267-69
  and Formosa, security of: 366-67
  military assistance, role in: 117
  and national policy, statements on: 373
  and North Korea, operations in: 193
  on objectives in Korea: 349-50
  and political settlement proposals: 357-59
  and 38th Parallel, advance across: 354
Demilitarized zone (DMZ)
  establishment: 290-91, 384, 399-402, 404-05
  proposals for: 290
Democratic People's Republic of Korea. See North Korea.
Discipline. See Morale.
Divisions, number in U.S. Army: 53 See also by type.
Doyle, Rear Adm. James  H.:  140-41,  147-50,  172.
  See also Amphibious Group One, USN; Task Force 90, USN.
  and Inch'on operations: 172
  MacArthur, conference with: 149
  Marine Corps units, employment of: 164, 165n
  and Wonsan operations: 209, 217-19
Duff, Maj. Gen. Robinson E.: 237
Dulles, John Foster: 40
Dunkerque, contrast with Hungnam: 302
Dunn, James: 10

Eberle, Maj. Gen. George L.: 189
Economic sanctions, proposed against Communist China: 318, 328
Eden, Anthony: 288
Egypt: 101
Eighth Army. See also Ridgway, General Matthew B.: Van Fleet, General
    James A.; Walker, General Walton H.
  armor operations: 175
  casualties: 127-28, 297
  combat effectiveness: 176, 345, 349
  as combat, logistical, and ZI unit: 86, 207-08
  deployment to combat: 112
  engineer equipment shortages: 175-76
  link-up with X Corps: 177, 185
  materiel losses and destruction: 297
  materiel shortages: 175
  morale: 137, 145, 281-82
  North Korea, drive on: 183-84, 187-90 195-96
  North Korea, operations in: 202-14, 215, 234-36, 245, 257-60, 262,
    266, 271-73, 274-75, 278-83
  in Pusan Perimeter: 113-14, 125-27, 131-32, 137-38, 144-46, 148, 151-
    54, 155, 162-64, 165n, 174-77
  replacement problems: 127-34
  replacement system: 88n, 129
  replacements, number received: 127-29
  supply system and operations: 398
  X Corps as element: 189-90, 300-301, 307
  troop unit strength: 52, 54, 342-44
  U.S. nationals, evacuation by: 71
  withdrawal planned: 222
Eighth Army Rear: 86
Eighth US. Army in Korea (EUSAK): 86
Eisenhower, General of the Army Dwight D.: 316n
Elections: 26, 40, 180, 219-20, 269, 331
Emergency declaration, U.S.: 298-300
Engineer Combat Battalion, 19th: 171-72
Engineer equipment, shortages in: 175-76
Engineer Special Brigade, 2d: 94
Engineer units, employment of: 93, 98, 166, 191, 230, 341-42
England. See United Kingdom.
Enlisted Reserve Corps. See Army Reserve.
Equipment. See Material.
Escalation of conflict. See Expansion  of  conflict, concern over.
Estimates of situation
  by Almond: 111-12
  by Collins: 327
  by MacArthur: 105-08, 112-14, 145-46, 148, 150, 212-14, 216, 223, 240-
    41, 244-45, 274-75, 278-80, 282-84, 307, 315, 327, 338-39, 348
  by Ridgway: 105, 131, 355-56, 379-82, 388-89, 398
  by Van Fleet: 398
Europe as chief US. interest: 41
European Command (EUCOM)
  deployment of troops to: 223, 286
  security of: 212, 223, 316, 319, 372
  troop unit strength: 43, 45
Evacuation, strategic and tactical. See Withdrawal operations.
Expansion of conflict, concern over: 242, 244-45, 247, 254, 289-90, 292,
    317-18, 320-21, 324, 332, 381

Far East, U.N. conference on problems: 331
Far East Air Forces (FEAF)
  air operations, control of: 108-09
  aircraft, shortages of: 109
  Bomber Command activated: 109
  Combat Cargo Command: 258
  frontier violations by: 200-201
  GHQ, relations with: 47-48
  strategic air operations. See main entry.
  training program: 55
  troop strength: 52-53, 196
  U.S. nationals, evacuation by: 71
Far East Command (FEC). See also General Headquarters, FEC; MacArthur,
    General of the Army Douglas.
  Advance Command and Liaison Group: 70-72

Page 423

Far East Command (FEC)-Continued
  airlifts, training in: 57
  airlifts to Korea: 80
  ammunition stocks: 59
  amphibious training: 57
  armor unit shortages: 89
  Career Guidance Program, effect of: 55-56
  casualties, estimates of: 88
  casualties, as percentage of strength: 87n
  combat effectiveness: 54, 56-60, 80n
  combat-ready units, requisitions for: 92-99
  combat-to-service troops, ratio: 54
  command and staff structure: 48
  divisions, expansion of: 88-92
  equipment. See Material, below.
  field artillery unit expansion: 90-92
  field artillery unit shortages: 89
  geographic limits: 46-47
  GHQ as top headquarters, 47
  infantry unit expansion: 52-54
  infantry unit shortages: 89
  integration of services: 55
  intelligence reports from: 62-64
  Japan, industry as aid to: 58-59
  Japanese employed by: 54, 58, 97
  JCS, defense mission from: 50-52
  maintenance and repair programs: 59
  materiel, reclamation and supply: 58-60
  mission of: 54-55
  mortars, reclamation and supply: 59
  motor vehicles, reclamation and supply: 59
  noncommissioned officer shortages: 89
  order of battle: 54
  POL stocks: 59
  ration stocks: 59
  recoilless rifles, reclamation and supply: 59
  reorganized: 136-38
  replacements, requisitions for: 53, 56, 87-89, 98-99, 239, 343
  SCAP, relations with: 48
  service units, strength: 342
  staff doubles for UNC: 103
  strategic plans: 49-52
  subordinate commands: 49
  supply status: 58-60
  survey mission to ROK. See Advance Command and Liaison GROUP (ADCOM).
  tanks, reclamation and supply: 59
  Tokyo as headquarters: 49
  training program: 54-58
  troop units, quality: 55-57
  troop units, strength: 43-45, 52-54, 230
  troops units, structure: 49, 53-54
  troop units, turnover: 54-55
  as unified command: 43, 48n
  USAF and USN without staff representation: 108
  weapons, reclamation and supply: 54-60
  weapons shortages: 54, 106
Field artillery
  stocks on hand: 46
  transfer to ROKA: 35
Field artillery, enemy: 39
Field Artillery Battalions. See also Armored Field Artillery Battalion,
    6th.
  92d: 171
  96th: 171
  159th: 89n
Field Artillery GROUP, 5th: 97
Field artillery units
  expansion in FEC: 90-92
  requisitions for: 96-97, 136, 230
  ROKA strength: 40
  shortages in FEC: 89
Fighter aircraft support, enemy: 90-92
Financial assistance to ROK: 30
Finletter, Thomas K.: 42n, 242, 352-53
Flanders, Ralph E.: 365n
Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic: 159-60, 163
Fleet Marine Force, Pacific: 150, 155-56, 159-61
Flying Fish Channel: 147
Food. See Rations.
Foreign ministers, meeting of: 21-22, 26
Formosa: 199, 289-93, 295, 319, 331. See also China, Nationalist.
  aircraft ordered to: 69
  Communist China threat to: 197, 367-69
  security of: 68, 367-71
  Soviet view on: 371
  as strategic area: 68
  U.N. attitude toward: 369-71
Formosa Strait: 369
Forrestal, James V.: 10
Foster, William C.: 40
France. See also Pleven, René.
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 248-49
  combat operations: 340
  expansion of conflict, concern over: 332
  troop units, deployment of: 225, 227
  U.N., introduces resolution in: 101
  U.S., relations with: 331
Fusen Reservoir: 263n

Gaither, Brig. Gen. Ridgely: 230
Gardner, Admiral Matthias B.: 10
Garvin, Brig. Gen. Crump: 81-82
Gay, Maj. Gen. Hobart R.: 139-40
General Classification Test: 56
General Headquarters, FEC. See also Far East Command.
  FEAF, relations with: 47-48
  as FEC top headquarters: 47
  NavFFE, relations with: 47-48
  staff agencies, replacements in: 129-30
  staff structure: 47n, 49
  USAF-USN, relations with: 47
General Headquarters Reserve: 155-58

Page 424

General Headquarters Target Group: 110
General Order No. 1: 10-11
General Reserve
  field artillery unit strength: 96-97
  importance of maintaining: 108
  infantry unit strength: 90
  JCS reluctance to levy on: 79, 87, 99
  levies on: 88-94, 104, 118-20, 132-34, 153, 230, 343
  troop units and strength: 44-45, 118
Geneva Conventions: 381
Geographical area, Korea: 1-2
Great Britain. See United Kingdom.
Greece, troop units: 225, 227, 356
Gross, Ernest A.: 66
Gruenther, Lt. Gen. Alfred M.: 132n, 181, 298
Guerrilla operations: 329
Guerrilla operations, enemy: 38, 64, 191n, 205, 222, 263-64
Gunfire Support Group, USN: 172

Haanmi-ri: 340
Haeju: 140
Hagaru-ri: 261, 265
Haislip, General Wade H.
  and airborne units, deployment of: 170
  and Chinese intervention: 298
  and corps staffs, expansion of: 135
  and replacements, requisitions for: 294
Hamhung: 188-89, 191, 195-96, 205-06, 216, 236, 263, 279-80, 283, 290,
  297, 301, 303-04
Han River: 72, 83, 106, 139, 141, 159n, 169, 309-10, 327, 333-40, 361,
  363, 389, 401-02
Hapsu: 266
Harriman, W. Averell: 306
  MacArthur, conferences with: 145-46, 167, 369-70
  on MacArthur relief: 374-75
  and North Korea, operations in: 288
  at Wake Island conference: 212
Headquarters and Service Group, GHQ: 49
Hickenlooper, Bourke B.: 365n
Hickey, Maj. Gen. Doyle O.: 202, 205, 307
  and airlift, supply by: 341-42
  and Chinese intervention: 235
  as deputy chief of staff, GHQ: 49, 110, 189
  FEC and UNC, temporary commander: 377
  and GHQ Reserve, headquarters for: 157
  and ROKA, withdrawal of: 313
  at Tokyo conference: 278-82
  Walker, conferences with: 127, 129, 145, 177
Hideyoshi: 3
Hodge, Lt. Gen. John R.: 20-21, 23
  advisers assigned by: 33
  constabulary, arming and organizing: 32-33
  Japanese surrender carried out by: 13
  martial law declared by: 25
  on Moscow decision: 25
  occupation directives to: 18, 25
  on provisional government, return of: 14-16
  relief asked by: 26-27
  and ROKA, organizing and training: 32-33
  and Soviet propaganda campaign: 22, 25
  USAFIK commanded by: 13
  withdrawal proposed by: 52
Hoengsong: 334-35, 340
Hoeryong: 246
Hokkaido: 11
Hong Kong: 199, 240, 318, 321
Hongch'on: 354, 389
Hopkins, Harry: 7, 13
Huch'ang: 261n
Hungnam: 11, 188, 190-91, 195-96, 205-06, 259, 263-64
  port operations: 301
  withdrawal to and from: 279-81, 301-04, 311-12
Hwach'on: 304, 364, 379-80
Hwach'on Reservoir area: 389, 396, 397
Hydroelectric plants. See Power plants.
Hyesanjin: 236, 246, 265, 269
Hyonch'on-ni: 340

Ich'on: 333-34
Imjin River: 304, 309, 363
Inactive Reserves. See Army Reserve.
Inch'on (CHROMITE): 67, 69-70, 139-54, 157-59, 161-62, 164, 168, 170-90,
    196, 202, 308-09, 336, 386
  air operations at: 146, 151-52
  airdrop, plans for: 152
  alternate landing sites planned: 141n, 148-50, 176-77
  assault phase: 139-46, 171-77, 196, 397
  casualties: 173
  casualties, enemy: 173
  command and staff structure: 147n, 152, 155-59, 172
  DA, coordination of plans with: 152-53
  intelligence estimates on: 174-75
  link-up with Eighth Army: 177
  logistical system for: 172
  materiel supplies at: 173-74
  mine clearance: 208
  motor vehicles at: 173-74
  naval support: 172
  Navy-Marine Corps objections: 146-50
  NKA threat to: 71
  occupation troops land: 16
  port operations: 189-91, 196, 202, 207-08, 258, 300
  supply operations: 173-74
  surprise, principle applied: 173
  tactical air support: 173
  target date set: 158-59
  tides and beach, hazards in: 140-41, 146-47
  training for: 159
  troop units, direction of: 155-72
  troop units, strength: 173-74, 310
  withdrawal to: 283, 290-91, 300

Page 425

Independence, movements toward: 5-6
India: 101, 198, 333
Indochina: 293
Infantry Divisions
  combat TOE authorized: 88-90
  2d: 44, 119, 212, 297
    combat effectiveness: 94, 108
    deployment to combat: 92-96, 127, 142-44, 165-66
    Han River operations: 340
    Koreans attached to: 168
    North Korea, operations in: 235
    withdrawal planned: 223-24
  3d: 44, 212
    combat effectiveness: 132-34
    deployment to combat: 118n, 131-34, 165, 215
    Hungnam operations: 303-04
    levies on: 90-92
    North Korea, operations in: 236, 279
    occupation duty: 222n, 223-24
    withdrawal planned: 223
  4th: 294
  7th: 54, 129
    combat effectiveness: 80n, 85-86, 90, 107-08, 166-67
    deployment to FEC: 144-45, 165, 171-72
    Inch'on operations: 157-58, 173-77
    Koreans attached to: 167-68
    levies on: 85-86, 165-66
    North Korea, operations in: 236, 259, 264-66, 269, 279-80
    reconstitution for combat: 165-68
    Wonsan operations: 188, 196, 205, 207-08, 216-17, 219
  24th: 54, 85-86. See also Task Force Smith, USA.
    casualties: 108, 111-13
    combat effectiveness: 80n, 127
    deployment to combat: 80-82
    enemy strength faced: 105
    Koreans attached to: 168
    North Korea, operations in: 235
    P'yongyang operations: 204-05
    Taejon, defense of: 112-13
  25th: 54
    combat effectiveness: 80n, 127
    deployment to combat: 85, 112, 141
    Koreans attached to: 168
    troop unit strength: 52
  28th: 124-25, 294
  29th: 124
  31st: 124, 299
  37th: 124
  40th: 124-25, 294, 345, 385
  43d: 124-25, 294
  45th: 124-25, 294, 345, 385
  47th: 299
Infantry Regiments. See also Regimental Combat
    Teams.
  17th: 165, 264-65
  19th: 82, 111
  21st: 82
  23d: 340
  24th: 81, 89n
  29th: 90-91, 108, 166
  32d: 164-66, 177
  34th: 82
  65th: 133, 165, 215
Inje: 304, 379-80
Intelligence
  estimates and reports: 62-64, 101-04, 139-40, 179, 198-202, 204, 208,
    222, 237, 244-45, 257, 259-60, 263, 272-73, 274-77, 285, 304-05,
    308, 337-40, 354, 363, 387-89, 403
  failures in: 61-62, 65
  at Inch'on: 174-75
  from Nationalist China: 199, 276
  from U.S. embassy: 62-63
Interim People's Committee: 24
Iwon: 208, 219, 236, 259

Japan
  air threat to, enemy: 320
  contract shipping from: 209-10
  contractors, use by FEC: 209-10, 341
  industrial exploitation of Korea: 4-5
  industry as aid to FEC: 58-59
  interest rates to Koreans: 5
  invasion and occupation of Korea: 2-6
  legal discrimination against Koreans: 1
  mine clearance by: 209-10, 217
  National Police Reserve: 131n, 314, 386
  nationals employed by FEC: 54, 58, 97
  occupation policy, MacArthur's: 55
  officials in high Korean posts: 18
  population in Korea: 5
  quick U.S. entry into Korea, appeals for: 16
  rebellions against: 4
  security of: 75-76, 131, 301, 307, 316, 322-23, 325, 344-45, 383-86
  Soviet threat to: 311
  Soviet Union enters war against: 8
  surrender procedure: 8-11, 13, 49-50
  as U.N. sanctuary: 320
Japan Logistical Command: 136-37, 207-08, 222, 229.
  See also Weible, Maj. Gen. Walter L.
Japan Sea: 335, 361
Jessup, Philip C.: 211-12
Jet aircraft support. See Fighter aircraft support, enemy.
Johnson, Louis A. See also Defense, Department of.
  Army expansion, approval of: 119-20
  and Formosa, security of: 366, 367, 369-70
  and Formosa as strategic area: 68

Page 426

Johnson, Louis A.-Continued
  functions and chain of authority: 42
  on ground troops commitment: 79
  resigns as Secretary of Defense: 181
  role in military decisions: 103-04
  Seventh Fleet movement, proposed by: 69n
  and Soviet intervention: 76
  and U.N. military assistance from: 115-17
  and U.S. policy toward Korea: 181
Joint Chiefs of Staff. See also Bradley, General of the Army Omar N.;
  Collins, General J. Lawton; Sherman, Admiral Forrest P.; Vandenberg,
    General Hoyt S.
  and air reconnaissance of China: 328
  air-naval operations, directives on: 73, 76-77
  airborne units, decision to deploy: 169
  and armistice proposals: 291-92, 384-85, 390-92, 396, 403-05
  and Army expansion: 118-20, 298-99
  and China, blockade of: 318, 321, 328-29
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 248-49, 252-55, 268, 384-85
  and Chinese intervention: 199-200, 231-32, 234, 236, 240, 250-55, 298,
    310-12, 327-30
  Collins as Korea representative: 101-02
  composition: 42-43
  constabulary expansion, approved by: 33
  and continental China, operations against: 291, 321-23, 323-30, 384,
    392
  courses of action considered: 295-96
  and DMZ, establishment of: 384, 399-402
  and economic sanctions against China: 328
  and emergency declaration: 298
  enemy strength, appraisal of: 384-85
  and EUCOM, security of: 223, 319
  and expansion of conflict: 242, 244-45, 247, 254
  FEC, directive to: 50-52
  and Formosa, security of: 368
  functions and chain of authority: 42-43
  and General Reserve, levies on: 79, 87, 99, 119-20
  and guerrilla operations: 329
  guidance on Korea sought by: 7
  and Inch'on, reported opposition to: 184n
  and Inch'on operation: 148-51, 153-54
  and Japan, security of: 301, 307, 345, 384-85
  and Japan, Soviet threat to: 311
  Japanese surrender procedures, role in: 9-10
  KMAG ordered with ROK units: 70
  and Korea as strategic area: 50-52, 253, 310
  limited offensives, directives on: 384-85, 396, 397, 401-02
  MacArthur, commendation of: 185-86
  MacArthur, conferences with: 67, 69, 73, 142-44
  MacArthur, directives to: 67, 69-70, 76-77, 116, 148, 150-51, 153-54,
    161n, 180-84, 186-87, 194-98, 200, 218, 220, 242-44, 268-69, 278-80,
    282, 310-12, 321-25, 329, 351, 353, 358-60, 371-73
  MacArthur, mission assigned to: 47
  MacArthur, recommended as U.N. commander: 102
  and MacArthur, relief of: 365n, 374-76
  and Marine Corps units, deployment of: 92, 160-63
  and morale: 323-24
  and National Guard, levies on: 122-25, 130, 317, 344-45, 385
  and national policy, clearance of statements on: 285
  and Nationalist China, logistical support of: 328-29
  and Nationalist China, use of troops: 116-17, 295-96, 319, 321, 329
  and naval operations against China: 321, 329
  and North Korea, drive on: 179-84, 191
  and North Korea, operations in: 180, 193-94, 250, 272, 279-82, 285-86,
    288, 290
  and objectives in Korea: 179-84, 186-87, 323, 325, 332, 349-51, 386-
    87, 391-93
  occupation, directives on: 196
  and occupation troops, withdrawal of: 30
  occupation zones planned by: 8
  planning and decisions, problems in: 103-04
  and political settlement proposals: 357-59, 391-92, 400-401
  prisoners of war, directive on: 186-87
  and power plants, bombardment of: 347-48
  and Rashin, bombardment of: 346-47
  and replacements, requisitions for: 79, 92; 93-94, 99, 119-20, 132-34,
    224, 310, 328, 384
  Ridgway, directives to: 381-87, 395-96, 401-02
  ROK, policy on U.N. occupation: 180
  and ROK government, support of: 180, 184, 328
  and ROKA, control of troops: 218
  and ROKA, effect of withdrawal on: 323-24
  and ROKA, expansion and training: 392, 396
  and Soviet border, inviolability of: 384-85
  and Soviet intervention: 77, 253, 883, 391-92
  and Soviet use of allies: 104
  and strategic air operations: 242-44, 247, 249, 321, 329, 345
  and supply system and operations, enemy: 384
  surrender ultimatum, directive on: 186-87
  and 38th Parallel, advance across: 353-54, 358, 396
  troop strength, justify cuts in: 52
  and U.K. concern over U.S. policies: 290
  and U.N., military assistance from: 115-17
  U.N. agent for operations: 101-03, 243
  U.N. command chain, opposes committee in: 101
  and U.N. objectives in Korea: 392
  and U.N. troop units, requisitions for: 224-28, 237-38, 344, 356-57,
    384
  unified commands, control of: 43
  USAFIK, control of: 25
  and Van Fleet, assignment of: 378

Page 427

Joint Chiefs of Staff-Continued
  War Department as executive agent: 25-26
  and withdrawal operations: 180, 223-24, 228-29, 254, 291, 311-12, 321-
    25, 328, 383, 386, 391, 395-96
  and Wonsan operation: 188
  Joint Commission of U.S.-USSR: 21-23, 25-26
  Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC): 105
  Joint Staff Planners: 9-10
  Joint Strategic Plans and Operations Group (JSPOG): 47n, 187, 222,
    237, 400. See also Wright, Maj. Gen. Edwin K.
  Joint Strategic Survey Committee: 33
  Joint Task Force Seven, USN: 172, 196, 208
  Joy, Vice Adm. C. Turner: 115, 261. See also Naval Forces, Far East
    (NavFFE).
    and air operations, control of: 109-11
    Collins, conference with: 283-84
    commands NavFFE: 49
    and Hungnam operation: 205-06
    and Inch'on operation: 152, 168, 172
    MacArthur, conferences with: 149-50, 188
    and Marine Corps units, employment of: 164
    Ridgway, directive from: 382
    and Wonsan operation: 196, 209

Kaesong: 10, 38, 65, 188, 191n, 195-9O, 202, 204-05, 308, 404-05
Kangnung: 61, 65
KANSAS line: 363-64, 380, 384, 386, 389, 396-404
Kansong: 379
Kanto Plain: 49
Kapsan: 236
Keathley, MSTS: 66
Killer: 340
Kim Il Sung (NKA)
  and armistice proposals: 404
  heads North Korea government: 24
  surrender demand, rejects: 204
  on U.S. tactics: 114n
Kim Koo: 5, 14, 19. See also Republic of Korea.
Kim Sung Chu. See Kim Il Sung.
Kimball, Dan A.: 352-53
Kimp'o: 67, 69-70, 196
Kimp'o Airfield: 16, 151-52, 173-74, 215, 236
Kimp'o Peninsula: 387-88
Knowland, William F.: 365n
Kobe: 172
Koin-dong: 216
Kojo: 191n, 217-18, 222n
Kongju: 82
Korea. See also North Korea: Republic of Korea.
  Cairo Declaration on: 6, 349
  Chinese invasion and influence: 2-3
  Communist activity during Japanese occupation: 5-6
  domestic conditions, influence of: 1
  Imperial Russian aspirations in: 2-3
  independence, U.S. policy on: 14
  invasion plans, US.: 8
  Japanese invasion and exploitation: 2-6
  Japanese population in: 5
  Japanese surrender procedures: 10-11
  JCS, guidance sought on: 7
  MacArthur relieved of responsibility for: 50
  martial law declared: 25
  national debt, 1910-45: 5
  objectives in: 177, 179-84, 186-87, 255-56, 292-93, 323, 325, 332,
    349-52, 357-58, 383-84, 386-87, 391-93, 397, 405-06
  occupation, directives, and plans for: 7, 10, 19, 25-26, 180, 219-21
  occupation, JCS directives on: 196
  occupation troops, withdrawal: 30
  occupation zones planned and defined: 8, 11
  political situation, June 1950: 38-40
  provisional government, formation and seats of: 5
  provisional government, U.S.-USSR proposals for: 22
  punitive expeditions against: 3
  Soviet invasion of: 10-11
  Soviet policy on future of: 14, 19, 23-25
  as strategic area: 7, 10, 28-30. 50-52, 62, 68, 75, 178-79, 253, 310
  treaties with U.S.: 3
  troop units, Soviet proposal for withdrawal: 28-29
  U.N. objectives in: 392
  unification, Soviet opposition to: 22-23
  unification as objective: 350
  U.S. policy toward: 20-23, 181
  U.S. relations with: 3-4
  Wedemeyer report on: 28, 37
  withdrawal from proposed: 52
Korean Liaison Office: 62-63
Korean Military Advisory Group. See Military Advisory Group to ROK
    (KMAG).
Kosong: 401-02
Kublai Khan: 2-3
Kum River: 86, 111-12, 145, 311
Kumch'on: 204-05
Kumhwa: 206, 401-02
Kumsong: 206
Kumyangjang-ni: 334
Kunsan: 7-8, 141n, 150-51, 176-77
Kunu-ri: 195-96, 216, 235

Landing ship, tank (LST): 146, 172, 206, 208, 217, 219, 258-59
Language barrier, effect of: 18-19
Larkin, Lt. Gen. Thomas B.: 118, 228-29, 297, 307-09
Latin American troop units, deployment of: 356-57
Leahy, Fleet Admiral William D.: 10
Lemnitzer, Maj. Gen. Lyman L.: 65
Liaotung Peninsula: 10-11
Lie, Trygve: 100-101, 369-71

Page 428

Limited offensives, directives on: 384-85, 396, 397-99, 401-02
Lin-chiang: 246
Lincoln, Brig. Gen. George A.: 9-11
Lines of communication: 191, 207, 258, 263-64
    See also Supply system and operations.
Lines of communication, enemy: 195, 263, 291, 327, 389, 399
Logistical system and operations: 191, 207-08, 221, 228-30, 258-59, 272,
    280. See also Lines of communication; Supply system and operations.
  at Inch'on: 172
  Nationalist China, support of: 328-29
Logistical system and operations, enemy: 137
Lovett, Robert A.: 237, 242, 356-57, 359

MacArthur, General of the Army Douglas. See also Far East Command (FEC);
    General Headquarters, FEC; Supreme Commander, Allied Powers
    (SCAP).
  AAA units, requisitions for: 93, 166
  advice followed in Washington: 83
  air force, ROK, view on activating: 34-35
  and air-naval operations: 77
  air units, requisitions for: 239
  airborne operations, plans for: 169-70, 215-16
  airborne units, requisitions for: 168-71
  and airlift, supply by: 341-42
  Almond, conference with: 188-89
  and ammunition supply: 229-30
  amphibious operations, plans and training for: 134-35, 137-40, 160-63,
    168, 177, 187-91, 195-96, 205-10
  armament, proposals for: 31-32
  and armistice proposals: 183, 283-84, 358-59
  army, ROK, view on organizing: 33-35
  Army directives from: 102
  and artillery fire support: 338
  artillery units, requisitions for: 230
  assumes control of U.S. forces in ROK: 71
  and atomic bomb, potential use: 288, 320n
  and blockade of China: 291, 315, 318, 339
  Bolte, conferences with: 223-25, 237
  chemical units, requisitions for: 98
  Chiang, conference with: 368
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 188-89, 196-202, 212-14, 235-36,
    240-41, 250-56, 266-67, 269-71, 277, 283-84, 372
  and Chinese intervention: 188-89, 196-202, 212-14, 235-36, 240-41,
    250-56, 266-67, 271, 274-78, 285, 315, 322, 328, 372
  Church briefed by: 74
  Collins, conferences with: 78-79, 105-08, 140n, 149-51, 160, 169, 171,
    282-84, 325-29, 368, 373
  and combat effectiveness, enemy: 83, 84-85, 105-06, 277, 358
  and combat effectiveness, U.S.: 282, 322-23
  combat-loading asked by: 95
  combat-ready units, requisitions for: 92-99
  command authority: 47-48
  commands FEC: 46-47
  commands USAFFE: 47-48
  and Communist China industry, destruction of: 315
  conflict in command roles: 382-83
  Congressional hearings on relief: 365n, 392
  and continental China, operations against: 315-17, 319-25, 328-29,
    339, 351, 369, 373
  and corps staffs, plans for: 134-36
  Dean commended by: 106
  departure from Japan: 379
  directives, violation of: 218n, 339n
  and divisions, expansion of: 89-90
  Doyle, conference with: 149
  and emergency declaration: 300
  engineer units, use of: 93, 98, 166, 230, 341
  estimates of situation by: 105-08, 112-14, 145-46, 148, 150, 212-14,
    216, 223, 240-41, 244-45, 274-75, 278-80, 282-84, 307, 315, 327,
    338-39, 348
  and EUCOM, security of: 212, 316, 372
  and expansion of conflict: 321
  FEC reorganization: 136-38
  field artillery units, requisitions for: 96-97, 136
  and Formosa, security of: 68, 366-71
  and General Reserve, maintaining: 108
  and GHQ Reserve, headquarters for: 157-58
  GHQ Target Group activated by: 110
  and ground units, deployment of: 78-79, 80
  and guerrilla operations, enemy and friendly: 183, 284, 313-14, 360
  Han River, operations around: 335-36, 338-39
  Harriman, conferences with: 145-46, 167, 369-70
  and Inch'on operation: 139-54, 155, 158-59, 170, 172, 173-89, 336
  intelligence furnished to: 275, 285, 305. See also Willoughby, Maj.
    Gen. Charles A.
  invasion, forecast and reaction to: 30, 65-66
  Japan, occupation policy in: 55
  and Japan, security of: 131, 316, 322-23, 325, 344-45
  and Japanese contractors, use of: 209-10, 341
  and Japanese National Police Reserve, arming: 314
  Japanese surrender, role in: 13
  JCS, commended by: 185-86
  JCS, conferences with: 67, 69, 73, 143-44
  JCS, directives from: 67, 69-70, 76-77, 116, 148, 150-51, 153-54,
    161n, 180-84, 186-87, 194-98, 200, 218, 220, 242-44, 268-69, 278-80,
    282, 310-12, 321-25, 329
  Joy, conferences with: 149-50, 188
  Korea, relieved of responsibility for: 50
  and Kunsan operation: 176-77
  Larkin, conference with: 228

Page 429

MacArthur, General of the Army Douglas-Continued
  and Manchuria, air operations in: 241-46, 251, 272-73, 277-78, 281,
    283-84, 291, 320-25, 338-39, 351
  and Marine Corps units, requisitions for: 92, 139, 142, 143, 159-64,
    165n
  Martin, Joseph W., letter to: 374
  and materiel losses and destruction: 301-03
  medical units, requisitions for: 98
  military career: 13
  mission, adherence to: 106-07, 179, 183-84, 186-87, 190, 195, 234,
    245, 252, 262, 270, 277-78, 282
  missions assigned by JCS: 47
  and morale: 322
  Muccio, conference with: 74
  and National Guard, levies on: 296, 325-26, 344-45
  national police, plans for: 30-33
  national policy, disagreements with: 284-85, 287n, 322-23, 325, 349,
    358-59, 366, 371-74, 376
  and Nationalist China, use of troops: 295-96, 307, 315-17, 319-20, 339
  NATO, distrust of: 288
  and naval gunfire support: 281
  naval operations, plans for: 336
  Navy units, requisitions for: 239
  and North Korea, drive to: 107, 179, 183-91
  and North Korea, operations in: 193-202, 205-10, 215-19, 278-84,
  361-64, 371-72. See also Yalu River, operations around.
  Objectives in Korea, directive on: 180-84, 349
  occupation directives and plans: 7, 10, 19, 25-26, 180, 219-21
  offensive, maintenance of: 338
  ordnance specialists, requisitions for: 97-98
  over-optimism, cautions against: 339
  and patrol actions: 363
  plans for supporting: 83
  and political settlement proposals: 358-59, 360-61, 374
  and power plants, air operations against: 231-32, 241, 244-45, 248,
    269-71, 347-48
  press correspondents, statements to: 340, 351, 358-59
  prisoners of war, plans for rescuing: 215
  proclamation on occupation: 16
  and Pusan operations: 176, 314
  and Rashin, air operations against: 345-47
  reconnaissance, aerial: 270
  relief of: 364, 365-67, 374-77
  replacements, requisitions for: 87, 89-99, 131-33, 136, 153, 155,
    166-67, 238-39, 282-84, 294-95, 316, 325-26, 342-44
  and replacements, shipment priorities for: 93-94
  report on post-invasion events: 69
  Rhee, address to: 185
  Rhee, conference with: 74
  Ridgway, conferences with: 145-46, 167, 307, 378
  Ridgway, relations with: 305-07
  Ridgway commended by: 336, 348
  and RIPPER: 354-55
  ROK, responsibilities in: 34
  and ROK government, restoration and security: 180, 183-87, 313
  ROK proclaimed by: 28
  and ROKA, attachment to U.S. units: 167-68, 342-43
  and ROKA, control of troops: 102, 188, 191n, 215-16, 218
  and ROKA, expansion and training: 168, 230, 313-14, 394
  and ROKA, withdrawal of: 312-13, 316
  and security, maintenance of: 133, 339
  and Seoul, operations around: 14, 72, 335-36
  service units, use of: 97-98, 342-43
  and Seventh Fleet, control of: 77
  Sherman, conference with: 149-51
  shipping, requisitions for: 106-07
  signal units, requisitions for: 134-35
  Smith, conference with: 148
  and Soviet border, inviolability of: 372
  and Soviet intervention: 188-89, 315, 325-26
  and Soviet propaganda campaigns: 296
  and Soviet Union, air operations against: 321
  specialists, requisitions for: 139, 155, 166-67
  Stratemeyer, conference with: 188
  Struble, conference with: 149
  Struble commended by: 348
  supplies, requisitions for: 81-86, 228-30, 297
  and supply system and operations: 335, 360, 363
  and supply system and operations, enemy: 327, 339, 346-47
  and surrender demand: 187-88, 193, 195, 203-04
  tact, demonstration of: 336n
  and tactical air operations: 109-10, 215-16, 307
  tactical plans: 106-07, 113-14, 126, 145-46, 177, 195-96, 205-06, 212-
    14, 215-19, 245, 271, 275, 279, 290, 311-12, 314, 315, 328, 335-36,
    338-39, 348, 349, 360
  and tank support: 338
  tank units, requisitions for: 92-93
  and Task Force Smith: 82n
  and 38th Parallel, advance across: 338, 351-54, 358-60
  timing, sense of: 144
  at Tokyo conference: 278-82
  training, directives on: 130, 165-66, 168
  transportation units, requisitions for: 98
  and troop unit strength, enemy: 212-14, 274-77, 280-81, 364
  troop unit strength, protests cuts in: 52-53
  troop units, requisitions for: 83-86, 106-08, 118

Page 430

MacArthur, General of the Army Douglas-Continued
  Truman, commendation by: 185-86, 325
  U.K., attitude toward: 251
  U.K., distrusted by: 288, 290, 365-66, 372
  UNC, named commander of: 102
  UNC activated by: 103
  UNO, directive on reports to: 102-03
  and UNO, military assistance from: 117
  and UNO, military control by: 103n
  Vandenberg, conferences with: 105-06, 140, 325-27
  VFW, message to: 370-71
  visits to combat areas: 74-79, 216. 301, 307n, 339, 363
  at Wake Island conference: 210-14, 218, 220, 222-23, 232, 371
  Walker, conferences with: 125-26, 188-90
  Walker, relations with: 307
  and withdrawal operations: 30, 180, 222-30, 237, 271, 290, 294, 300-
    303, 311-14, 316-17, 322-23, 327, 338-39
  Yalu River, operations around: 250-56, 257, 262, 266, 268-73, 274,
    276-78, 287, 290, 372
Machine guns, stocks on hand: 46. See also Weapons.
Maintenance and repair programs: 59
Malik, Jacob
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 249
  political settlement proposed by: 197, 402
  UNO, boycott by: 66, 101, 194
Manchuria: 179, 182, 191, 198-201, 216, 218, 230-32
  air operations in, proposed: 235, 241-46, 251, 272-73, 277-78, 281,
    283-84, 291, 320-25, 338-39, 351, 386
  air reconnaissance of: 328
  as enemy sanctuary: 274, 320
  occupied by USSR: 10-11
Manp'ojin: 246, 260-61, 263
Manp'ojin-Kanggye road: 261-62
Mao Tse-tung: 232, 240, 40546. See also China, Communist.
Mariana Islands: 49
Marianas-Bonins Command (MARBO): 49
Marine Air Group, 33d: 160
Marine Air Wings
  1st: 146, 159-60, 162, 216
  2d: 159-60
Marine Divisions
  1st:
    combat effectiveness: 108, 159-160, 312
    deployment to combat: 146, 160-61, 163-65, 171-72
    at Inch'on: 173-77
    North Korea, operations in: 236, 259-61, 265-66, 274, 279-82
    in Pusan operation: 312
    troop unit strength: 171-72, 343
    withdrawal planned: 222n
    in Wonsan operation: 188, 196, 205-08, 216-17, 219, 236
  2d: 159-62
Marine Provisional Brigade, 1st: 127, 144, 157, 160-66
Marine Regiments
  1st: 163
  5th: 142-44, 160, 163, 165, 172
  6th: 163
  7th: 163-64, 171-72, 236
Marshall, General of the Army George C. See also Defense, Department of.
  and armistice proposals: 390
  Atlee, conference with: 291-92
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 249
  and continental China, operations against: 329-30
  Korea, seeks guidance on: 7
  and limited offensives: 402
  and MacArthur, relief of: 365n, 374-76
  named Secretary of Defense: 181
  and National Guard, levies on: 345
  and North Korea, drive on: 183-84, 191
  and North Korea, operations in: 194, 218, 255, 286, 288
  and objectives in Korea: 181-82
  occupation priorities proposed by: 7-8
  and political settlement proposals: 374
  Ridgway, directive to: 383
  and ROK government, restoration of: 184-85
  and ROKA, arming of: 313, 394n
  Soviet occupation foreseen by: 8
  and strategic air operations: 242, 247, 249
  and 38th Parallel, advance across: 353-54
  and U.N. troops, requisitions for: 227-28, 238, 356
  and Van Fleet, assignment of: 378
  and withdrawal operations: 395
Martial law declared: 25
Martin, Joseph W.: 374
Materiel
  estimate of requirements: 45-46
  losses and destruction: 112-13, 238, 283, 297, 301-04
  losses and destruction, enemy: 390
  reclamation and supply: 58-60
  shortages in Eighth Army: 175
  state of: 45-46
  supply to ROKA: 35, 77
  World War II, disposition of: 58
Matthews, Francis P.: 42n
Matthews, H. Freeman: 184
Medical units
  requisitions for: 98
  reservists called up: 122
Mexico: 356-57
Milburn, Lt. Gen. Frank W.: 202, 233, 257, 305.
  See also Corps, I.

Page 431

Military Advisory Group to ROK (KMAG): 205.
  See also Provisional Military Advisory Group
    to ROK (PMAG).
  activation and mission: 34
  intelligence reports from: 62-63
  with ROKA units: 80-81
Military Air Transport Service (MATS): 168-69
Military assistance. See also Financial assistance to ROK.
  other than from U.S.: 115
  Rhee asks for: 34-36
  State Department role in: 117
  from UNO, requests for: 61
  UNO channels in: 117
  from U.S.: 35-36
  world-wide, by U.S.: 41
Military attache, U.S. See United States Embassy, Seoul.
Military government. See Civil affairs; Occupation.
Military missions. See also Advisers, Truman reliance on; Military
    Advisory Group to ROK (KMAG); Provisional Military Advisory Group
    to ROK (PMAG).
  Rhee asks for: 33-34
  Soviet to NKA: 37
  U.S. to ROK: 4, 29-30
  U.S. world-wide, strength: 43
Military policy, U.S.: 41-42
Mines, clearance of: 206, 208-10, 215-18
Mission, doctrine on: 278
Missionaries evacuated: 71
Mobilization, problems in: 119. See also Emergency declaration, U.S.
Mongol invasion: 2-3
Morale
  Communist China: 390
  Eighth Army: 137, 143, 281-82
  enemy: 275, 327
  ROKA: 65
  U.S. troops: 322-24, 326, 390
  X Corps: 186
Morehouse, Rear Adm. Albert K.: 261
Mortars
  enemy strength: 39
  reclamation and supply: 59
  transfer to ROKA: 35
Moscow meeting of foreign ministers: 21-22, 26
Motor vehicles
  at Inch'on: 173-74
  numbers in stock: 46
  reclamation and supply: 59
  shortages: 145
  transfer to ROKA: 35
Mount Fuji: 55
Mt. McKinley, USS: 172, 209
Mountains. See Terrain, effect on operations.
Muccio, John J.: 36, 395
  ADCOM, liaison with: 71-72
  on combat efficiency of NKA: 39, 40
  MacArthur, conference with: 74
  and supply of arms to ROKA: 65-66
  as U.S. ambassador: 28, 184, 221
  U.S. nationals, orders evacuation of: 71
Munsan-ni: 70-71, 404
Mup'yong-ni: 265-66, 274
Mutual Defense Assistance Pact (MDAP): 297

Naktong River: 126-27, 145, 174-75, 311
Nanking: 5
National defense, effect of Korea commitment on: 104-05
National Guard. See also Reserve components.
  Army expansion, role in: 120, 122-25
  levies on: 122-25, 130, 153, 230, 283, 294, 296, 299, 317, 325-26,
    344-45, 385
  policy on federalizing: 124-25
  public reaction to call-up: 123-24
National police, ROK, plans for: 30-34
National Police Reserve, Japan: 131n, 386
National policy
  MacArthur disagreements with: 284-85, 287n, 322-23, 325, 349, 358-59,
    366, 371-74, 376
  statements on, clearing: 284-85, 324-25, 332-33, 349, 358-59, 366, 373
National Security Council (NSC): 391
  and Army expansion: 298-99
  and blockade of China: 393
  and Chinese intervention: 252, 254-56, 285-86, 328
  and continental China, operations against: 329-30, 393
  functions: 42n
  military decisions, role in: 103-04
  and Nationalist China, use of troops: 393
  objectives in Korea: 392-93
  and political settlement proposals: 393
  Truman, meeting with: 73
  and withdrawals from Korea: 30, 393
Naval Forces, Far East (NavFFE). See also Joy, Vice Adm. C. Turner.
  GHQ, relations with: 47-48
  Joy commands: 49
  personnel strength: 196
  training program: 55
  transport operations: 196
  U.S. nationals, evacuation of: 71
Naval gunfire support: 112, 151-52, 279, 281, 303-04.
    See also Naval operations.
Naval operations: 69, 70, 73, 76-77, 336. See also Naval gunfire
    support.
  against Communist China, proposed: 320-21, 329
  JCS directives on: 73, 76-77
Navy, Department of the. See Kimball, Dan A.; Sherman, Admiral Forrest
  P.; State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee (SWNCC).

Page 432

Nehru, Jawaharlal: 197
Netherlands
  Chinese intervention, report on: 266
  troop units, deployment of: 225, 227
New Zealand: 115, 225, 227, 356-57
Night operations, enemy: 106, 281
Noncommissioned officers, shortages in: 89
Norge, SS: 71
Norstad, Lt. Gen. Lauris (USAF): 145-46, 167
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): 41
  and Chinese border, inviolability of, 250
  and Chinese intervention: 287-89
  MacArthur, distrust of: 288
  mutual support article: 287n
  Soviet threat to: 287
  U.S. role in: 287
North Korea. See also Korea.
  agricultural resources and methods: 11-12
  area and population: 11
  communications with South broken: 23-24
  Communist China pledges support: 197-98, 199-201, 233-34, 240-41, 251n
  Communist domination of: 24-25
  cultural differences from South: 12
  decision to invade South: 177-84
  defections to: 38
  drive on: 107, 179-91, 195-96, 206-10
  electric power resources: 12
  government established: 23-25, 29
  industrial resources: 11-12
  invasion, U.N. reaction to: 66-67
  jurisdiction over, question of: 220-21
  Kim Il Sung, head of government: 24
  mineral resources: 12
  occupation, plans for: 219-21
  operations in: 180, 193-94, 202-14, 215, 234-36, 245, 250, 254-55,
    257-62, 266, 271-83, 285-86, 288, 290
  POL production: 12
  propaganda campaigns by: 38
  strategic air operations in: 281
  subversion against ROK: 37
  supply system and operations in: 281, 363-64
  and surrender, demand for: 187-88, 193, 195, 203-04
  tactical air operations in: 272
  troop withdrawals, USSR: 24-25, 29
  withdrawal from: 290-91
North Korean Army
  aircraft strength: 39
  aircraft supplied by USSR: 37
  amphibious operations by: 61, 65
  antitank gun strength: 39
  artillery shellings by: 36
  artillery strength: 39
  artillery supplied by USSR: 37
  attacks on South: 38
  casualties: 405
  Chinese participation evident: 85
  combat effectiveness: 39, 83, 145, 212
  initiative lost by: 112, 114, 125, 137, 188-89
  invasion of ROK: 1, 36-38, 61-65, 80-82, 111-12
  logistical problems: 137
  military missions, USSR: 37
  mortar strength: 39
  night operations, skill in: 106
  organization and training: 36-37
  POL supplied by USSR:
  rout of: 185
  Seoul, advance on and seizure: 70-72
  Soviet influence evident: 61n, 67, 75-76, 84-85, 178
  Soviet Union, arming by: 37, 187-88, 208-09, 230-32, 247
  superiority of: 70
  tank strength: 39
  tanks supplied by USSR: 37
  training by Soviets: 25
  troop movements, reports on: 273
  troop units, strength: 36-37, 39, 387, 405
  troop units, structure: 39
  withdrawal from South: 195, 204-05
Nuclear weapons. See Atomic bomb, potential use.

Occupation
  directives and plans for: 7, 10, 19, 25-26, 180, 219-21
  Hodge, directives to: 4, 18, 25
  JCS directive on: 196
  MacArthur proclamation on: 16
  North Korea, plans for: 219-21
  opposition to: 19-20
  priorities proposed: 7-8
  Soviet zone defined: 11
  U.N. control of: 219-21
  U.S. objective defined: 19
  U.S. troop units land: 16
  U.S. troop units withdrawn: 29-30, 50
  zones planned and defined: 8, 11
O'Donnell, Maj. Gen. Emmett C. (USAF): 246n
Office of Foreign Liquidation: 35
Office of Special Investigations, USAF: 63
Okinawa
  native laborers from: 341
  security of: 75-76
  as staging area: 49
Ongjin Peninsula: 65, 401-02
Ongondong: 246
Onyang-ni: 263
Operations Division, WDGS: 8-11
Ordnance Department: 45-46
Ordnance Heavy Maintenance Company, 378th: 94
Ordnance specialists, requisitions for: 97-98
Organized Reserve Corps. See Army Reserve.

Page 433

Osan: 82-83, 139, 177, 326
Otsu: 222n

Pace, Frank, Jr.: 69
  and Army expansion and reduction: 118, 221-22, 299
  and Chinese intervention: 299
  and continental China, operations against: 329
  functions and chain of authority: 42
  and MacArthur, relief of: 376-77
  and National Guard, levies on: 124
  over-optimism, cautions against: 339
  and 38th Parallel, operations around: 352-53
  and Van Fleet, assignment of: 378
  at Wake Island conference: 211-14
Pacific Command: 43. See also Radford, Admiral Arthur W.
Paik Sun Yup, Maj. Gen. (ROKA): 233
Pannikar, K. M.: 197-98, 200n, 251n, 289n
Parks, Maj. Gen. Floyd L.: 133
Partridge, Maj. Gen. Earle E. (USAF): 348
Patrol actions: 363, 387-88, 398
Peng Teh-huai (CCF): 404
People's Democratic Republic of Korea. See Korea; North Korea.
People's Republic of China. See China, Communist.
Petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL)
  FEC stocks: 59
  North Korea production: 12
  Soviet supplies to NKA: 37
  supply of: 208
Philippine Scouts: 52
Philippines
  security of: 75-76
  troop units, deployment of: 227-28, 356
Philippines Command, USAF (PHILCOM): 49, 58
Piburn, Brig. Gen. Edwin W.: 137
PINK: 297
Pleven, René: 332-33
P'ohang-dong: 86, 300
Police forces. See National police, ROK, plans for.
Political parties, number in ROK: 18
Political settlement proposals: 197, 352, 357-61, 374, 390-93, 396, 400-
    402. See also Armistice proposals.
Port Arthur: 11, 318
Port systems and operations: 2, 195, 207-08, 258
  Hungnam: 301
  Inch'on: 189-91, 196, 202, 207-08, 258, 300
  Pusan: 4, 172, 188, 190-91, 196, 207, 208, 258, 300
  Wonsan: 206, 259
Posung-Myon area: 148-50
Potsdam Conference: 8
Power plants
  output slowed by USSR: 26
  preservation of: 231-32, 241, 244-45, 248, 264-65, 347-48, 369-71,
    380-81
Press correspondents
  clearing statements to: 284-85, 324-26, 332-33, 349, 358-59, 366, 373
  MacArthur statements to: 340, 351, 358-59
  Ridgway statements to: 326, 340, 359-60
Prisoners of war
  Communist China: 233, 236, 390
  enemy, disposition of: 381
  JCS directive on: 186-87
  plans for rescuing: 215
Propaganda campaigns
  Communist China: 289n
  North Korea: 38
  Soviet Union: 22, 25, 296, 347
"Provisional Government of Republic of Great Korea": 5
Provisional Military Advisory Group to ROK (PMAG): 34. See also Military
    Advisory Group to ROK (KMAG).
Public opinion, reaction to calling reserve components: 121-24
Pugen Reservoir. See Fusen Reservoir.
Pujon: 252-53, 259, 263-64
Pukch'ong: 236
Pungsan: 216, 236
Pusan
  air operations, enemy: 76-77
  airlift to: 80-81
  Base Command: 81-82
  in occupation priority: 7-8, 11
  perimeter, operations around: 113-14, 125-27, 131-32, 137-38, 144-46,
    148, 151-54, 155, 162-64, 165n, 174-77
  port system and operations: 4, 172, 188, 190-91, 196, 207, 208, 258,
    300
  U.S. nationals evacuated from: 71
  withdrawal to and from: 283-84, 290, 300-301, 312, 314, 324
P'yongch'ang: 340
P'yonggang: 364
P'yonghae-ri: 86
P'yongt'aek: 82, 309-10
Pyongwon: 216
P'yongyang: 187-91, 195-96, 202-06, 212, 215-18, 235-36, 257, 283, 304,
    400
P'yongyang-Wonsan road: 216

Radford, Admiral Arthur W. See also Pacific Command.
  and Inch'on operation: 156
  and Marine Corps units, employment of: 160-61
  at Wake Island conference: 212
Radio sets, numbers in stock: 46. See also Signal equipment, supply of.
Railroads
  demolition of: 195
  routes and operations: 4, 81, 191, 258, 347
  shortages of facilities: 208

Page 434

Rashin: 10, 241, U5-47, 380-81
Rations
  shortages, enemy: 390
  stocks in FEC: 59
  supply of: 207-08
Rebuild programs. See Maintenance and repair programs.
Recoilless rifles, reclamation and supply: 59
Reconnaissance, aerial: 219, 230, 270, 272, 305, 327-28, 346, 369
Reconnaissance, ground: 327
Reconnaissance, ground, enemy: 303-04
Recruits. See Replacements.
Reeder, Maj. Gen. William O.: 294, 298
Refugees, from North Korea: 23
Regimental Combat Teams. See also Infantry Regiments.
  4th: 108
  5th: 44-45, 90-92, 127, 166, 222
  9th: 166
  14th: 44-45, 90-92, 230
  196th: 124-25, 230
  278th: 124-25, 230
Reinforcements. See Replacements; Troop units.
Reinholt, SS: 71
Repair programs. See Maintenance and repair programs.
Replacements. See also Troop units.
  airlift of: 87-88, 127-29, 215-16
  Eighth Army system: 88n, 129
  FEC requisitions for: 53, 56, 87-89, 98-99, 239, 343
  numbers received: 127-29
  problems in supplying: 127-34, 238
  requisitions for: 69, 79, 91-94, 107-08, 119-20, 129-33, 137, 166-67,
    223-24, 228-29, 237-39, 271, 282-84, 294-95, 298, 310-11, 313, 316,
    325-28, 342-44, 384
  shipment priorities for: 93-94
  training of: 130
Reporters. See Press correspondents.
Republic of Korea. See also Kim Koo; Rhee, Syngman.
  agricultural resources and methods: 11-12
  area and population: 11
  armament, report on needs: 36
  Armed Forces Organization Act: 34
  assembly convenes: 26-27
  casualties, civilian: 405
  casualties, Communist-inflicted: 37-38
  coast guard, strength: 34
  Communist activity in: 19-20
  constabulary, organization and armament: 32-33
  courses of action open to U.S.: 67-68
  cultural differences from North: 12
  economy, state during occupation: 18
  election results: 26, 40
  financial assistance to: 30
  government, restoration and security: 180, 183-87, 313, 386
  government, support of: 180, 184, 328
  government employees, number: 18
  guerrilla operations, enemy: 38, 64
  industrial resources: 12
  Japanese officials, reaction to: 18
  Kim Koo heads provisional government: 5, 14, 19
  MacArthur, responsibilities in: 34
  MacArthur assumes control of U.S. forces: 71
  MacArthur proclaims restoration: 28
  materiel supply to: 68-69
  military assistance to: 35-36
  military missions to: 4, 29-30
  national police, activation and training: 32, 34
  navy, MacArthur on need for: 34-35
  NKA, attacks and withdrawals by: 1, 36-38, 61-65, 80-82, 111-12, 195,
    204-05
  North Korea, subversion in: 37
  occupation, opposition to: 19-20
  occupation, U.N. policy on: 180
  plans for defending: 66-71
  political parties, number: 18
  political situation at occupation: 18
  provisional government, return of: 14-16
  refugees from North: 23
  riots, Communist-inspired: 25
  Soviet intentions, analysis of: 67-68
  Soviet liaison mission withdrawn: 24
  Soviet troops, entries by: 16
  troop unit strength, U.S.: 25, 52, 86
  troop unit withdrawals, U.S.: 28-30
  troop unit withdrawals, USSR demand for: 26
  U.N., admission to sought: 14
  U.N., appeal to: 73
  U.N. resolution on security of: 193-94
  U.N.-ROK ground forces, control of: 215-18
  U.S. control structure: 25-26
  U.S. failure, political effects: 105
  U.S. nationals evacuated: 67-69, 71
  U.S. recognizes: 14, 28
  U.S. support assured: 40
  withdrawal from proposed: 30, 393
  Youth Corps: 313
Republic of Korea Army. See also National Police, ROK, plans for.
  I Corps: 189, 195, 202-06, 216, 232, 236, 266, 363-64
  II Corps: 206, 234-35, 257, 274
  III Corps: 339-40, 363-64
  1st Division: 204-05, 233-35
  3d Division: 195, 301
  6th Division: 234-35
  26th Regiment: 236
  air-naval support as precedent: 70
  air units, MacArthur on need for: 34-35
  aircraft strength: 40

Page 435

Republic of Korea Army-Continued
  ammunition supplies to: 35, 66
  arming of: 65-67, 313, 394n
  artillery strength: 40
  artillery transferred to: 35
  attached to U.S. units: 167-68, 171-72, 188, 239, 342-43
  casualties: 235, 405
  combat effectiveness: 39-40, 70-71, 191n, 205, 326, 394
  defections to North: 38
  early defeats: 82
  expansion, equipping, and training: 32-33, 35, 168, 230, 313-14, 392,
    394-96
  intelligence reports from, distrust of: 64
  KMAG with: 70, 80-81
  materiel losses: 238
  materiel supplied to: 35, 77
  morale: 65
  mortars transferred to: 35
  motor vehicles transferred to: 35
  rocket launchers transferred to: 35
  troop units, control of: 188, 191n, 205-06, 215-16, 218, 381-82, 385
  troop units, strength: 34, 40, 387
  troop units, structure: 34, 40
  U.S. aid in forming: 30-36
  US. officers to command, proposed: 394-95
  weapons transferred to: 35
  withdrawal of, proposed: 312-13, 316, 323-24
Republic of Korea Marine Corps: 207
Research and development: 46
Reserve components. See also Army Reserve; National Guard.
  recalls to active duty: 87
  specialists recalled: 122, 131, 135-36
  USMCR, levies on: 160-62
Retrograde movements. See Withdrawal operations.
Rhee, Syngman. See also Republic of Korea.
  amnesty proclamation, plans for: 180
  arrival in Korea: 19
  assistance to ROK, assured of: 35-36
  Communists, enmity toward: 20-21
  elected chairman of ROK Assembly: 26-27
  elected and inaugurated president: 26-28
  elections, plans for: 180
  heads provisional government: 5
  invasion, fears of: 35-37
  MacArthur, assigns control of ROKA to: 102
  MacArthur, conference with: 74
  MacArthur address to: 185
  military assistance asked by: 33-36
  and North Korea, jurisdiction over: 220-21
  provisional government representative: 5, 14
  Ridgway, relations with: 308
  and ROK government, restoration of: 180, 184
  and ROKA, expansion and training: 394-95
  trusteeship, opposition to: 26
  U.N., seeks admission to: 14
  U.S. recognition and support sought: 14
  U.S. troop units, appeals for: 29, 72
  and U.S. troop units, withdrawal of: 395
Ridgway, General Matthew B.: 376. See also Eighth Army; Far East Command
    (FEC); United Nations Command (UNC).
  and airborne units, deployment of: 170-71
  and airlift, supply by: 341-42
  air-naval commitment, recalls: 70
  and amphibious operations: 336, 397
  and armistice proposals: 399-405
  and Army expansion: 299
  attrition tactics: 333-34, 361-64, 382, 396, 397
  in AUDACIOUS: 364
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 380, 382, 385
  and Chinese intervention: 298, 308-09
  Collins, directives from: 383, 385
  command authority: 381, 385
  command roles, conflict in: 382-87
  command roles, redefined: 396
  commanders, directive to: 381-82
  commands Eighth Army: 305-06
  and continental China, operations against: 380, 386, 396
  in COURAGEOUS: 362-63
  in DAUNTLESS: 363
  departure from Korea: 379
  and DMZ, establishment of: 399-402, 404-05
  and emergency declaration: 299
  estimates of situation by: 105, 131, 335-36, 379-82, 388-89, 398
  and expansion of conflict: 381
  and General Reserve, levies on: 91
  Han River operations: 334-40
  Inch'on operations: 308-09, 336
  intelligence reports to: 308
  and Japan, security of: 383-84, 386
  JCS, directives from: 381-87, 395-96, 401-02
  Joy, directive to: 382
  at KANSAS-WYOMING lines: 389, 397-404
  in KILLER: 340
  leadership, effect on troops: 327-28
  limited offensives, directives on: 384-86, 397-99, 401-02
  MacArthur, commendation by: 336, 348
  MacArthur, relations with: 145-46, 167, 305-07, 378
  and Manchuria, air operations against: 386
  Marshall directives to: 383
  military career: 306
  mission as CINCUNC, evaluation of: 380, 382, 385-86
  and morale: 390
  and National Guard, levies on: 124
  and naval operations: 336
  North Korea, operations in: 361-64

Page 436

Ridgway, General Matthew B.-Continued
  and objectives in Korea: 383-84, 397, 405
  offensive, maintenance of: 308-10, 326, 331, 387, 402
  and political settlement proposals: 390, 396, 400-401
  and power plants, preservation of: 380-81
  press correspondents, statements to: 326, 340, 359-60
  and prisoners of war, disposition of: 381
  and public reaction to armistice: 404
  and Rashin, air operations against: 345, 380-81
  and replacements, requisitions for: 130-32, 294, 384
  Rhee, relations with: 308
  in RIPPER: 354-55, 357
  and ROK government, security of: 386
  and ROKA, control of troops: 381-82, 385
  and ROKA, effect of withdrawal plans on: 312
  and ROKA, U.S. officers to command: 394-95
  and ROKA expansion and training: 394-96
  in RUGGED: 363
  and security of plans and movements: 133, 340
  Seoul, operations around: 308-10, 335-37, 354
  and service units, reduction of: 342
  and Soviet border, inviolability of: 380, 382, 385
  and Soviet intervention: 381-83, 386
  Stratemeyer, directive to: 382
  supply system and operations: 341-42, 361-62
  tactical plans: 308-09, 326, 333-38, 340, 348, 364, 378-80, 382, 387-
    89, 400-401
  Taylor, directive from: 383, 385
  and 38th Parallel, advance across: 335-38, 351, 353-54, 359-60, 379-82
  in THUNDERBOLT: 333-34, 336
  Truman, directive from: 383
  and Van Fleet, assignment of: 378-79
  Van Fleet, directive to: 381-82
  victory, comment on possibility of: 399n
  visits to combat areas: 388-89, 402-03
  and withdrawal operations: 309-10, 312-14, 331, 364, 382-83, 386, 395
  and Yalu, air operations around: 380-81
Riots, Communist-inspired: 25
RIPPER: 354-55, 357
Road systems: 191, 279, 335
Roberts, Brig. Gen. William L.: 34-35, 39
Rocket launchers
  deficiencies in: 84
  transfer to ROKA: 35
ROLL-UP: 58-59
Roosevelt, Franklin D.: 7, 13
Roosevelt, Theodore: 4
ROUND-UP. See Han River.
Ruffner, Maj. Gen. Clark L.: 157-58, 164
RUGGED: 363
Rusk, Dean: 212, 242, 268, 359
Russia, imperial: 2-3. See also Soviet Union.
Russo-Japanese War: 3
Ryukyus Command (RYCOM): 49

Sakchu: 246
Sakhalin: 325
Samanko: 246
Samch'ok: 309-10
San Francisco Port of Embarkation: 229-30, 297
Sariwon: 188, 195-96
Sasebo: 93, 172
Seattle Port of Embarkation: 297
Sebald, William J.: 184
Secretary of the Air Force. See Finletter, Thomas K.
Secretary of the Army. See Army, Department of the; Pace, Frank, Jr.;
    United States Army.
Secretary of Defense. See Johnson, Louis A.; Marshall, General of the
    Army George C.
Secretary of the Navy. See Kimball, Dan A.; Matthews, Francis P.
Secretary of State. See Acheson, Dean G.
Security measures: 133
Selective Service system in Army expansion: 120-24
Seoul: 67, 69-70, 82, 152, 196, 202. See also United States Embassy,
    Seoul.
  loss of forecast: 72
  NKA advance on and seizure: 14, 70-72
  in occupation priority: 7-8, 11, 14
  population: 11
  recovery of: 106, 139, 146, 149-52, 154, 173, 177, 184-85, 188-89
  U.S. occupation of: 16
  withdrawal to and from: 283-84, 290-91, 308-09, 335-37, 354
Seoul-Ch'orwon-Wonsan corridor: 190
Seoul-Kimp'o-Inch'on defensive line: 67, 69-70
Seoul-P'yongyang axis: 400
Seoul-Wonsan axis: 400
Service units
  employment: 97-98, 342-43
  ratio to combat units: 54
  reduction of: 342-44
  troop strength in FEC: 342
Seventh Fleet: 69, 73, 77, 367, 369. See also Struble, Vice Adm.
    Arthur D.
Shanghai: 5
Sheetz, Maj. Gen. Josef R.: 49
Shepherd, Lt. Gen. Lemuel C. (USMC): 150, 155, 161-62, 172
Sherman, Admiral Forrest P. See also Navy, Department of the; United
    States Navy.
  and Chinese intervention: 328
  MacArthur, conference with: 149-51
  and MacArthur, relief of: 365n, 376
  and Marine Corps troops, employment of: 160-64
  and naval forces to halt invasion: 69
  and replacements, problems of: 132
  Seventh Fleet, orders move of: 69
  and Soviet border, inviolability of: 279

Page 437

Shipping
  Japan, contracted from: 209-10
  requirements: 106-07, 300-301, 313
  shortages in: 91
Shufeldt, Commodore Robert W.: 3-4
Signal Battalions, 4th and 101st: 134-36
Signal equipment, supply of: 208
Signal units, requisitions for: 134-35
Sino-Japanese War, 1894-95: 3
Sinuiju: 231, 239, 241-46
Sinup: 216n
Small arms. See Weapons.
Smith, Col. Aubrey D.: 158, 207
Smith, Lt. Col. Charles B.: 81. See also Task Force Smith, USA.
Smith, H. Alexander: 365n
Smith, Maj. Gen. Oliver P. (USMC)
  and Inch'on operation: 147-49, 164, 172
  MacArthur, conference with: 148
  and Marine Corps troops, employment of: 164-65
  and North Korea, operations in: 254-55, 261
  and over-optimism in planning: 222n
  in Wonsan operation: 206-07, 209
Sonch'on: 216
Songhyon-ni: 379
Songjin: 216
South Korea. See Korea; Republic of Korea.
Soviet Union. See also Malik, Jacob; Russia, imperial; Stalin, Joseph
    V.; Vishinsky, Andrei A.
  aggressor resolution, vote against: 333
  air violations of by USAF: 200-201, 247
  arms and aircraft supplied to NKA: 37, 187-88, 208-09, 230-32, 247
  blockade of China, attitude toward: 318
  border, inviolability of: 279, 346-47, 372, 380, 382, 384-85
  Communist China, relations with: 197, 201, 317, 320
  concessions to, proposed: 7, 288
  elections protested by: 26
  entries by troops: 16
  foreign policy toward: 286
  and Formosa issue: 371
  intentions in Korea, analysis of: 67-69, 104
  intervention by, plans for meeting: 69, 75-77, 178-80, 182, 188-89,
    199, 222, 253, 268-70, 286-87, 298, 315, 325-26, 352, 381-83, 386,
    391-92
  invasion by NKA, role in: 61n, 178
  Japan, enters war against: 8
  Japan, threat to: 311
  Korea, differences with U.S. over: 6-7, 23-25
  Korea, policy on future of: 14, 19, 23-25
  Korea invaded by: 8-11
  liaison mission in ROK: 24
  Manchuria occupied by: 10-11
  military missions to NKA: 37
  military strength: 41
  NATO, threat to: 287
  NKA, influence on: 67, 75-76, 84-85
  as nuclear power: 41
  occupation by anticipated: 8
  occupation zone defined: 11
  POL supplies to NKA: 37
  power plant flow cut by: 26
  propaganda campaigns: 22, 25, 296, 347
  provisional government, proposals for: 22
  training of NKA by: 25
  troop units withdrawn from North Korea: 26, 29
  trusteeship, agreement on: 21-22, 26
  U.N. jurisdiction, objection to: 26
  unification, opposition to: 22-23
  U.S. calls on to intervene: 100
  withdrawal proposed by: 28-29
Special Planning Staff, GHQ: 157-58
Special Reserve equipment stocks: 297
Specialists
  requisitions for: 139, 155, 166-67
  Reservists recalled: 122, 131, 135-36
Staffs. See Command and staff.
Stalin, Joseph V.: 9
  and armistice proposal: 197
  Hopkins, conferences with: 7, 13
  Soviet occupation zone defined by: 11
  trusteeship, agreement on: 7, 13
State, Department of. See also Acheson, Dean G.; State-War-Navy
    Coordinating Committee (SWNCC) .
  and armistice proposals: 290-91, 359
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 266-69
  CINCUNC reports to UNO proposed by: 102-03
  civil affairs, conduct of: 25, 221
  and Communist China, admission to U.N.: 290-91
  and continental China, operations against: 291, 332
  courses of action considered: 349-51
  DMZ, establishment proposed: 290-91
  and expansion of conflict: 332
  and Formosa, security of: 366-68
  and Japanese contract shipping: 209-10
  and Manchuria, air operations against: 235, 247
  military assistance, role in: 117
  military decisions, role in: 103-04
  and national policy, clearance of statements on: 373
  and North Korea, operations in: 193-94
  and North Korea, withdrawal from: 290-91
  and objectives in Korea: 181-82, 332, 349-51
  and occupation troops, withdrawal of: 29-30
  and political settlement proposals: 352, 357-59
  and power plants, preservation of: 231-32
  and Rashin, air operations against: 346-47
  and ROK government, restoration of: 184-85
  and ROKA, arming of: 67, 313
  and Soviet border, inviolability of: 346-47

Page 438

State, Department of-Continued
  and 38th Parallel, advance across: 351-54, 358
  and U.K. concern over U.S. policies: 289-90
  and withdrawal operations: 395
State-Army-Navy-Air Force Coordinating Committee (SANACC): 49-50
State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee (SWNCC): 9-10, 49-50
Strategic air operations: 108, 110, 112, 137, 241-44, 246-47, 249, 272,
    277-78, 286, 300, 321, 329, 345. See also Air operations.
  Air Force concept: 109-10
  B-29 aircraft in: 241-44
  central control lacking: 108
  against Communist China, proposed: 283-84, 289, 292, 320
  by Far East Air Forces: 241-44
  GHQ Target Group, practice by: 110
  in Inch'on operation: 146, 151-52
  JCS directives on: 73, 76-77
  against Manchuria, proposed: 241-46, 251, 272-73, 277-78, 281, 283-84,
    291, 320-25, 338-39, 351
  by Navy: 246
  in North Korea: 281
  against Soviet Union, proposed: 321
  along Yalu, proposed: 241-46, 273
Stratemeyer, Lt. Gen. George E. (USAF). See also Far East Air Forces
    (FEAF).
  and air operations, control by: 108-09
  air operations, plans for: 110-11
  and airlift, supply by: 258, 341-42
  and ammunition supply: 229
  and Chinese intervention: 230-31
  Collins, conference with: 283-84
  commands FEAF: 49
  and engineer troops, use of: 342
  and Inch'on operation: 152
  MacArthur, conference with: 188
  and power plants, bombardment of: 348
  and Rashin, bombardment of: 346
  Ridgway, directive from: 382
  and strategic air operations: 110, 241-42, 243n, 272
Struble, Vice Adm. Arthur D.
  Chiang, conference with: 368
  commands Joint Task Force Seven and Seventh Fleet: 172
  and Inch'on operation: 172
  MacArthur, commended by: 348
  MacArthur, conference with: 149
  and Marine Corps troops, employment of: 164-65
  and Wonsan operation: 208, 216-17, 219
Sudong: 236
Suiho Hydroelectric Power Plant: 231, 241
Sukch'on: 215-16, 283
Sukhaya Rechk: 200-201
Sunch'on: 215-16, 283
Supply system and operations: 158, 190-91, 195, 229-30, 257-59, 263,
    265, 297, 335, 341-42, 360-62, 363. See also Logistical system and
    operations; Materiel.
  by airlift: 195, 235, 257-58, 301, 341-42
  of ammunition: 229-30, 236, 257
  in Eighth Army: 398
  FEC stocks, daily levels: 59
  at Inch'on: 173-74
  in North Korea operations: 281, 363-64
  ration supply: 207-08
  reduction, plans for: 222, 232
  requisitions for: 81-86, 228-30, 297
  shortages: 202
  in UNC augmentation: 356
Supply system and operations, enemy: 261-62, 272-73, 279-81, 340, 346-
    48, 384, 398-99, 403
Support units. See Service units; and by type and name.
Supreme Commander, Allied Powers (SCAP): 48. See also MacArthur, General
    of the Army Douglas; Ridgway, General Matthew B.
"Supreme People's Assembly": 40
Surplus Property Act: 35
Surprise, application of: 173
Surprise, application by enemy: 62, 235, 275
Surrender demand by UNC: 186-88, 193, 195, 203-04
Suwon: 71-72, 74, 80-81, 106, 173, 326, 333-34
Sweden: 266

Tactical air operations: 109-10, 173, 215-16, 307. See also Air
    operations.
  concept of: 110
  diversion of bombers to: 109-10, 241-44
  in Inch'on operation: 146, 152
  at KANSAS-WYOMING lines: 398
  by Marine Corps and Navy: 216, 303-04
  in North Korea operations: 272
  in withdrawal operations: 303-04
Tactical air operations, enemy: 61
Taebaek Ridge: 86, 191, 236, 279, 381
Taegu: 82, 111-12, 125, 326
Taejon: 82, 86, 111-13, 141, 142, 143, 177
Taejon-Taegu line: 143
Taejon-Taegu-Suwon line: 146, 152
Taft, William Howard: 4
Taiwan. See China, Nationalist; Formosa.
Tank Battalions: 94
Tank support: 82, 175, 326, 338, 387-88
Tank support, enemy: 236
Tank units
  NKA strength: 39
  requisitions for: 92-93
  shortages of: 89
Tanks
  employment, advice against use: 36
  number serviceable: 46

Page 439

Tanks-Continued
  reclamation and supply: 59
  supply to Eighth Army: 297
Tanks, enemy: 39, 82, 84
Tanyang: 86
Task Force 77, USN: 108
Task Force 90, USN: 209
Task Force Smith, USA: 81-82
Tass news agency: 22
Taylor, Maj. Gen. Maxwell D.: 351
  and Han River operations: 338-39
  limited directives, directive on: 401n
  and power plants, preservation of: 348
  and Rashin, bombardment of: 347
  Ridgway, directives to: 383, 385
  and RIPPER: 354-55
  and U.N. troops, requisitions for: 356
Technical services units. See Service units; and by type and name.
Technicians. See Specialists.
Terrain, effect on operations: 1-2, 191, 270, 280-81, 335, 341-42, 363-
    64, 398-99
Thailand: 225
38th Parallel
  operations around: 335-38, 351-54, 358-60, 379-82, 396
  origin as demarcation line: 9-11
  topography and communication lines: 11
THUNDERBOLT: 333-34, 336
Tides, effect on operations: 140-47
Toksil-li: 216
Tokyo
  conference at: 278-82
  as FEC headquarters: 49
  in occupation priority: 7
Topography. See Terrain, effect on operations.
Training
  airborne units: 169-70
  for airlift: 57
  for amphibious operations: 57
  FEAF program: 54-58
  for Inch'on: 159
  MacArthur, directives on: 130, 165-66, 168
  in NavFFE: 55
  in North Korean Army: 36-37
  realism applied: 159
  X Corps program: 159
  Walker, role in: 165-66
Transport aircraft, shortage of: 88
Transportation units, requisitions for: 98
Trans-Siberia railroad: 321
Treasury, Department of the: 318
Troop units. See also Replacements; also by type and name.
  Army Reserve strength: 121
  Asiatic, employment proposed: 193-94
  Australian, deployment of: 225, 227, 356-57
  Belgian, deployment of: 225, 227
  Canadian, deployment of: 225, 227, 356-57
  combat to service, ratio of: 54
  combat-ready troops, requisitions for: 92-99
  Communist China, deployment of: 179, 222n, 233-34
  decision to commit: 79, 80
  Eighth Army strength: 52, 54, 342-44
  enemy strength: 36-37, 212-14, 241, 244-45, 259n, 260, 274-77, 280-81,
    364, 380, 384-85, 387, 405
  estimates of needs: 107-08
  EUCOM, deployment to: 223, 286
  EUCOM strength: 45
  FEAF strength: 52-53, 196
  FEC, quality of: 55-57
  FEC, strength and turnover: 43-45, 52-55, 89-92, 230
  FEC, structure in: 49, 53-54
  French, deployment of: 225, 227, 356
  General Reserve strength: 44-45, 118
  Greek, deployment of: 225, 227, 356
  infantry shortages in FEC: 89
  Latin America, deployment of: 356-57
  Marine Corps. See United States Marine Corps
  military missions, strength in: 43
  movement, security of: 133, 340
  Nationalist China, use proposed: 116-17, 283-84, 295-96, 319-21, 329
  Netherlands, deployment of: 225, 227
  New Zealand, deployment of: 225, 227, 356-57
  NKA structure: 39
  occupation forces withdrawn: 30
  PACOM strength: 43
  Philippines, deployment of: 227-28, 356
  reductions, protested and justified: 52-53
  requisitions for: 78-79, 80, 83-86, 106-08, 118
  ROKA, control of: 205-06, 218, 381-82, 385
  ROKA strength: 34, 40, 387
  ROKA structure: 34, 40
  service units, reduction of: 343-44
  Thai, deployment of: 225
  Turkey, deployment of: 225, 356
  U.K., deployment and withdrawal: 224-25, 227-28, 356-57
  UNC, number employed: 117, 196, 225, 230, 405
  UNC, requisitions for: 224-28, 237-38, 344, 356-57, 384
  UNC, withdrawal of: 222
  U.S., withdrawal of: 28-30, 395
  U.S. strength: 25, 45, 52-53, 86, 123, 221
  withdrawal of demanded by Soviet Union: 26
Trucks. See Motor vehicles.
Truman, Harry S.
  advisers, reliance on: 177-79
  and aggression, U.S. attitude toward: 292
  air-naval commitment approved by: 69, 73
  air operations, directive on: 76
  and armistice proposals: 287, 292-93, 403

Page 440

Truman, Harry S.-Continued
  Army expansion approved by: 119-20
  Army Reserve, call-up by: 88
  and atomic bomb, potential use: 288
  Attlee, conference with: 288-93
  and blockade of China: 102
  in chain of authority: 42
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 249
  and Chinese intervention: 198, 200-202, 231, 252, 285-86
  civil affairs, transfers from military: 25
  and collective security, need for: 333
  Collins, conference with: 79
  as Commander in Chief: 79
  and Communist China, admission to U.N.: 292-93
  and Communist China, concessions to: 292-93
  and Communist China, recognition of: 332-33
  and Communist China as aggressor: 333
  Communist China assets frozen by, 318
  Communist expansion, determination to resist: 67n
  Congressional approval unsought: 73
  and continental China, operations against: 317-18, 320-21, 324, 329-
    30, 369
  defense officials, meetings with: 68-70, 72-74, 76
  emergency declaration by: 299-300
  and expansion of conflict: 317-18, 320-21, 324
  and Formosa, security of: 366-71
  and General Reserve, levies on: 93-94, 132
  ground forces, decision to deploy: 79, 80
  and Inch'on operation: 151n, 154
  invasion, reaction to: 66
  and Japanese surrender procedures: 10
  Joseph W. Martin letter: 374
  and Korea as strategic area: 50
  and limited offensives: 402
  MacArthur commended by: 185-86, 325
  and MacArthur violation of directives: 359, 366-67, 373-74
  military-naval reinforcements ordered by: 69
  and National Guard, levies on: 123-24
  and national policy, clearance of statements on: 284, 324-25, 332-33,
    349, 358-59, 366, 373
  National Security Council, meeting with: 73
  and Nationalist China, use of troops: 116, 320-21
  and North Korea, drive on: 183n, 191
  and North Korea, operations in: 282, 285-86
  and objectives in Korea: 177, 179-82, 255-56, 349, 357-58, 393
  and occupation, U.N. directives on: 220-21
  Pleven, conference with: 332-33
  and political settlement proposals: 357-59, 374, 393
  Rhee, reassurance of assistance to: 35-36
  Ridgway, directive to: 383
  ROK, view on fall of: 67n
  and ROKA, expansion and training: 394
  and ROKA, withdrawal of: 313
  and Soviet intentions, analysis of: 69
  and Soviet intervention: 76, 286-87
  and strategic air operations: 242-44, 246, 249
  and UNO, military assistance from: 61
  as UNO agent: 101
  and U.S. as UNO agent: 317n
  and Van Fleet, assignment of: 378
  and VFW, MacArthur statement to: 370-71
  at Wake Island conference: 210-14
  and withdrawal operations: 30, 287, 292, 296n, 324-25
Trusteeship
  agreement on: 7, 13, 21-22, 26
  Communist support of in South Korea: 22
  Nationalist China agreement on: 13, 26
  opposition to in South Korea: 21-22, 26
  Soviet agreement on: 7, 13, 21-22, 26
Tumen River: 245-46, 399n
Tunner, Maj. Gen. William H. (USAF): 258
Turkey
  materiel losses by: 297
  troop units, deployment of: 225, 356
Turner, Maj. Gen. Howard M. (USAF): 49. See also Air Force, Thirteenth.

Uijongbu: 70-71, 308, 387-89
Uisong: 127
Underwater demolition teams: 148
Unification, proposed and opposed: 20-23
Unified commands: 43, 45, 47n, 48n
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). See  Russia, imperial;
    Soviet Union; Stalin, Joseph V.
United Kingdom, See also Attlee, Clement R.; Bevin, Ernest.
  8th Hussars: 224-25
  27th Infantry Brigade: 204-05, 227
  29th Infantry Brigade: 224-25, 227-28
  and blockade of China: 318
  and Cairo Declaration on Korea: 6
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 249, 267
  and Chinese intervention: 251
  MacArthur, attitude toward: 251, 288, 290, 365-66, 372
  military assistance from: 115
  and Nationalist China, use of troops: 296
  and objectives in Korea: 292-93
  and political settlement proposals: 360-61
  and strategic air operations: 242-43
  troop units, deployment and withdrawal: 224-25, 227-28, 356-57
  trusteeship, view on: 13, 26
  UNO agent, introduces resolution on: 101
  U.S., relations with: 331
  U.S. policies, concern over: 289-93

Page 441

United Nations Command (UNC). See also MacArthur, General of the Army
    Douglas; Ridgway, General Matthew B.
  activated: 103
  casualties: 238, 405
  and Chinese troops, reports on: 199-200
  and CINC, reports from: 102-03
  CINC, U.S. asked to appoint: 101-02
  evacuation of Korea considered: 289, 290
  FEC staff doubles for: 103
  JCS opposes committee command: 101
  MacArthur named CINC: 102
  objectives attained: 405-06
  supply in augmentation of: 356
  troop units, number employed: 117, 405
  troop units, withdrawal of: 222
  troop units strength: 196, 225, 230, 405
  UNC-ROKA forces, control of: 215-18
United Nations Organization (UNO)
  aggressor resolution, vote on: 332-33
  and armistice proposals: 288-90, 331, 333
  and Chinese border, inviolability of: 249, 268
  Commission in Korea (UNCOK): 194
  Commission for Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea (UNCURK): 194,
    212, 220, 231-32, 269
  Committee on Coordination of Assistance for Korea (CCAK): 100-101
  Committee of Good Offices: 360
  Communist China, admission proposed: 197, 290-93, 331
  and Communist Chinese intervention: 242, 266-67
  and continental China, operations against: 317, 320
  DMZ, proposals for: 290
  elections, supervision of: 219-20, 269, 331
  Far East problems, conference to settle: 331
  and Formosa issue: 369-71
  France introduces agent resolution: 101
  invasion, reaction to: 66-67
  JCS as agent for: 101-03, 243
  joint action, resolution on: 73-74, 100-102, 177-78, 185, 369-71
  joint action, U.S. proposal for: 68, 73, 100
  jurisdiction protested by USSR: 26
  Korean stability, resolution on: 193-94
  Malik proposal rejected: 197
  military assistance from: 61, 115-17
  and Nationalist China, use of troops: 319
  objectives in Korea: 349, 392
  occupation, control by: 219-21
  occupation, directives on: 220-21
  occupation troops ordered withdrawn: 30
  reports to, directive on: 102-03
  ROK admission sought: 14
  ROK appeals to: 73
  seen as composing differences: 23
  Soviet boycott of: 66, 101, 194
  Temporary Commission on Korea: 26, 40
  and 38th Parallel, advance across: 351, 353
  and troop units, control of: 103n
  and troop units, requisitions for: 224-28, 237-38, 344, 356-57, 384
  and Truman as Security Council agent: 101
  U.K. introduces agent resolution: 101
  U.S. action confirmed by: 73-74
  U.S. as agent: 317n
  U.S. brings problem to: 26
  U.S. commitment without sanction of: 70, 73
  and withdrawal operations: 331
United States. See also Roosevelt, Franklin D.; Truman, Harry S.
  and Cairo Declaration on Korea: 6
  China territorial violation charged to: 197
  and collective security: 41
  communism, policy toward containing: 100
  Communist China, recognition proposed: 292
  elections proposed by: 26
  Europe as chief interest: 41
  independence, policy toward: 14
  invasion plans: 8
  Korea, relations with: 3-4
  Korea, treaties with: 3
  language barrier, effect of: 18-19
  military assistance from: 35-36
  military missions to ROK: 4, 29-30
  military policy: 41-42
  national defense, effect of commitment on: 104-05
  Nationalist China, relations with: 319
  nationals evacuated: 67-69, 71
  NATO, role in: 41, 287
  and objectives in Korea: 292, 349-50
  occupation objective defined: 19
  occupation zone defined: 11
  policies, foreign concern over: 289-93
  and provisional government, return of: 16, 22
  ROK, recognition of: 14, 28
  Soviet Union, calls on to intervene: 100
  Soviet Union, differences with: 6-7, 23-25
  trusteeship, agreement on: 21-22, 26
  U.K., relations with: 331
  U.N., problem brought to: 26
  as U.N. agent: 317n
  U.N. joint action proposed by: 68, 73, 100
  U.N. sanctions action: 73-74
  unification, proposals for: 20-23
United States Air Force. See also Air Force, Department of the; Far East
    Air Forces (FEAF); Vandenberg, General Hoyt S.
  China, air violations of: 247
  commitment proposed: 70, 73
  no FEC staff representation: 108
  GHQ, relations with 47
  intelligence reports, evaluation by: 63
  Soviet territory, violations of: 200-201, 247

Page 442

United Slates Air Force-Continued
  strategic air operations, concept of: 109-10
  units, requisitions for: 239
United States Army. See also Army, Department of the; Pace, Frank, Jr.;
    War Department.
  ammunition stocks: 46
  antiaircraft guns, stocks of: 46
  Army area organization: 42n
  Army Reserve, role in expansion of: 120-22
  casualties: 405
  combat effectiveness: 56-57, 282, 292, 322-23
  Congress approves expansion: 120n
  construction machinery stocks: 46
  divisions, number in: 53
  expansion and reduction: 118-22, 238, 297-99, 307-09
  field artillery stocks: 46
  Kim Il Sung on tactics of: 114n
  Koreans, number attached to: 167-68, 171-72, 239
  materiel, state of: 45-46
  materiel, World War II, disposition of: 58
  mobilization base, effect of levies on: 90-91
  motor vehicles stocks: 46
  national defense, structure in: 42-43
  National Guard role in expansion: 120, 122-25
  NSC, role in expansion: 298-99
  radio stocks: 46
  ROKA, officers to command: 394-95
  Selective Service role in expansion: 120-24
  strategic planning. post-World War II: 41-42
  strength of, expansion and reduction: 46, 86-88, 119-20, 221-22, 239,
    288, 299
  tanks in stock: 46
  troop strength, periodic: 43, 45, 53, 123, 221
  weapons, deficiencies in: 86-87
  weapons research and development: 46
United States Army Forces in Korea (USAFIK)
  ADCOM, proposed merger with: 86
  governmental authority ends: 28
  Hodge succeeded by Coulter: 26-27
  inactivated: 86
  JCS, placed under control of: 25
United States Embassy, Seoul: 62-63, 65
United States Marine Corps
  air support by: 216, 303-04
  Reserve forces, levies on: 160-62
  troop units, employment of: 92, 139, 142-43, 159-65
  troop units, strength: 86-87, 159-60
United States Navy. See also Kimball, Dan A.; Naval Forces, Far East
    (NavFFE); Navy, Department of the; Sherman, Admiral Forrest P.
  air support by: 216, 246, 303-04
  commitment proposed: 70, 73
  no FEC staff representation: 108
  GHQ, relations with: 47
  units, requisitions for: 239
Unity of command, principle exemplified: 114-17
Unsan: 235
U.S. News & World Report: 284, 371
Utchin: 152

Van Fleet, Lt. Gen. James A.
  and amphibious operations: 397
  arrival in Korea: 379
  assignment of: 378-79
  commands Eighth Army: 376, 378-79
  and DMZ, establishment of: 399-400
  estimate of situation by: 398
  at KANSAS-WYOMING lines: 380, 387-89, 398-403
  and limited offensives: 398, 400-402
  patrol bases, operations from: 387-88, 398
  Ridgway, directives from: 381-82
  and ROKA, control of troops: 382
  and ROKA, expansion and training: 394
  and ROKA, U.S. officers to command: 394-95
  tactical plans: 379, 387-89, 397-98, 400-401
  tank support, use of: 387-88
  troops, number commanded by: 387
  victory, comment on chances of: 339n
  and withdrawal operations: 379-80
Vandenberg, General Hoyt S.: 168, 330. See also Air Force, Department of
    the.
  and air forces to halt invasion: 69
  and airlifts, plans for: 157
  and airlifts, supply by: 258
  Formosa, orders aircraft to: 69
  and limited offensives: 401
  MacArthur, conferenced with: 105-06, 140, 325-27
  and MacArthur, relief of: 365n, 376
  and reconnaissance, aerial and ground: 327
  strategic air operations, concept of: 110
  visits to combat areas: 108, 327
Veterans of Foreign Wars: 370-71
Vishinsky, Andrei A.: 371. See also Soviet Union.
Vladivostok: 188, 268, 279, 321, 325, 347
Volunteer Reserves. See Army Reserve.

Waegwan: 127, 202
Wake Island conference: 210-14, 218, 220, 222-23, 232, 371
Walker, General Walton H. See also Eighth Army.
  Almond, conference with: 125
  and ammunition supply: 229-30, 236, 257
  and amphibious operations: 141n
  Bolte, conference with: 237
  and Chinese intervention: 235-36
  Collins, conferences with: 137, 282-83
  combat and training, dual role in: 165-66
  commands Eighth Army: 49
  commands EUSAK and Eighth Army Rear: 86
  commands UNC ground forces: 196
  commands U.S. ground forces: 86
  death of: 305
  enemy troop strength, estimates by: 274
  ground units, deployment by: 91

Page 443

Walker, General Walton H.-Continued
  Hickey, conferences with: 127, 129, 145
  and Inch'on operation: 145, 153-54
  and Kunsan operation: 176-77
  MacArthur, relations with: 125-26, 188-90, 307
  and Marine Corps troops, employment of: 164-65
  and Naktong River operations: 145
  North Korea, drive on: 183-84, 189-90, 195-96
  North Korea, operations in: 202-14, 215, 234-36, 245, 257-60, 262,
    266, 271-73, 274-75, 278-83
  and Pusan operations: 113-14, 125-27, 131-32, 137-38, 144-46, 148,
    151-54, 155, 162-64, 165n, 174-77, 283-84, 290, 300-301, 312, 314
  and P'yongyang operations: 216, 218, 235-36, 304
  replacements, requisitions for: 107-08, 137, 166
  and ROKA troops, control of: 205-06
  specialists, requisitions for: 166-67
  supplies, requisitions for: 297
  supply system and operations: 257-59
  tactical plans: 125-27, 131-32, 257-59, 272, 304
  Taejon-Taegu line, defense of: 143
  at Tokyo conference: 278-82
  withdrawal operations: 304-05
War Department: 25-26. See also Army, Department of the; State-War-Navy
    Coordinating Committee.
Weapons. See also Materiel; also by name.
  deficiencies in: 82, 84-87
  nationalist China deficiencies: 320
  reclamation and supply: 54-60
  research and development in: 46
  shortages: 54, 106
  transfer to ROKA: 35
Weather, effect on operations: 191, 266, 272, 279, 341, 346, 363, 390,
    398
Wedemeyer, Lt. Gen. Albert C.: 28, 37, 365n
Weible, Maj. Gen. Walter L.: 49, 136-37, 229-30.
    See also Japan Logistical Command.
Weyland, Lt. Gen. Otto P. (USAF): 110-11
Whitney, Maj. Gen. Courtney: 161n, 212, 278-81, 335-36
Wiley, Alexander: 365n
Willoughby, Maj. Gen. Charles A.
  and air operations, control of: 110-11
  Chinese troops, reports on: 179, 198-200, 233-34, 239-41, 259, 263,
    273, 276-77
  intelligence estimates and reports by: 62-64. 139-40, 179, 202, 259-
    60, 263, 272-73, 274-77, 304-05, 337-38
  North Korean troops, report on: 273
  tactical exercise by: 159
  at Tokyo conference: 278-82
Withdrawal operations: 30, 180, 222-30, 237, 254, 271, 287-92, 294,
    296n, 298, 300-306, 309-14, 316-17, 321-25, 327-28, 331, 338-39,
    364, 378-80, 382-83, 386, 391, 395-96
  air support of: 303-04
  by Communist Chinese: 389-90
  doctrine lacking on: 301-02
  ROKA, effect on: 323-24
WOLFHOUND: 326
Wolmi-do: 147, 173
Wonju: 340
Wonsan: 236, 397, 400
  naval support at: 208, 216-17, 219
  operations at: 141n, 187-91, 195-96, 202, 204-10, 212, 216-19, 232,
    236
  port operation: 206, 259
Wonsan Airfield: 216
Wonsan-P'yongyang road: 188
Wonsan-Yandok road: 263
Wright, Maj. Gen. Edwin K. See also Joint Strategic Plans and Operations
    Group (JSPOG).
  and airfields, defense of: 300
  enemy troop strength, estimates by: 260
  and GHQ Reserve, headquarters for: 155-57
  and Hungnam operation: 205-06
  and Inch'on operation: 139, 141n, 149, 176, 190n
  and Koreans, attachment to U.S. units: 167
  and Marine Corps units, employment of: 164-65
  and North Korea, drive on: 187-89, 191
  and North Korea, operations in: 260-63, 279
  and strategic air operations: 277-78, 300
  at Tokyo conference: 278-82
  and withdrawal operations: 237, 300-301, 312-13
  Wright, Col. William H. S.: 36
  WYOMING line: 363-64, 379-80, 384, 386, 396, 397-99, 401-03

Yalta Conference: 7
Yalu River, operations around: 179, 190, 197, 230-31, 233-37, 240-47,
    250-56, 257, 262, 265-66, 268-73, 274, 276-78, 287, 290, 347-48,
    372, 380-81, 399n
Yanggu: 379
Yangnung: 334-35
Yangp'yong: 340
Yangyang: 304, 361, 363, 380
Yellow Sea: 145, 146
Yesong River: 361, 363, 401-02
Yoju: 333
Yokohama: 172
Yonan Peninsula: 401-02
Yonch'on: 379-80
Yongch'on: 308
Yongdok: 127
Yongdong: 112-13
Yonghung-Taepyong-ni road: 263
Yongp'yong: 304, 334-35
Yongwol: 340
Yongwon: 188-89, 195-96, 216
Youth Corps, ROK: 313
Yugoslavia: 101, 333


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